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CASSIUS. 291 CASSOWARY. Scleuceia. ami imicfeiU^l ns far as Babylon. Subsequently he quelled a dangerous insurree- tion in Egy|it. :ind %v;i^ appiiintfd (idvprnor nf all the Eastern Provinces. He organized a revolt and attempted to seize the imperial tlirone, but was assassinated by two officers of his own army. CASSIUS, Dio. See Dio C.ssius. CASSIUS, Purple of. A dark purple, red, or reddisli-brown pigment. It was discovered by Andreas Cassius in the Seventeenth t'entury, aiid may be obtained as a fine flocculent purple precipitate on adding a solution of stannous chloride containing stannic chloride to a solu- tion of gold chloride. It may also be obtained by treating an alloy of gold (2 parts), tin (3.5 parts), and silver (1.") parts) with nilric acid, which removes the silver and oxidizes the tin. The composition of purple of Cassius is vari- able, but it is believed that gold is present in it in the metallic state. Mixed with borax or some fusible glass. It is used by potters to pro- duce a rich purple or rose tint in the finer qualities of pottery, and it has long been em- ployed to give a ruby-red color to the better (|Ualities of glass. CASSIUS LONGI'NUS, Gaius. One of Cesar's assassins. At the breaking out of the Civil War, though a tribiuie of the plebs, he sided with Pomjwius and the aristocratic fac- tion against Ciesar. He was taken prisoner by the latter, who pardoned him, and even made him one of his legnti. In B.C. 44, through the influence of Caesar, he was made prwtor pcre- grinux, and was promised the governorship of Syria in the following year. But his mean and jealous spirit could not endure the burden of gratitude imposed upon him by the generosity of the Dictator, and he resolved to be released h the murder of his benefactor. Having at- tached to himself the mutinous spirits among the subjugated aristocracy, and also won over M. Bruius, the pseudo-patriotic conspiracy was soon matured, and on March 15, B.C. 44, Ca>sar fell by the daggers of assassins. The result of this bloody deed was not what Cassius Longinus had expected. The popular feeling — as dis- played by the riots that broke out at Ciesar's funeral — was strongly against the murderers, and the military power fell into the hands of Marcus Antonius. Cassius Longinus therefore lied to the East, and made himself master of Syria. Afterwards he imited his forces with those of Bnttus. Having greedily plundered Asia Minor, they crossed the Hellespont in the beginning of B.C. 42, marched through Thrace, and took up a superior position near Philippi, in Macedonia. Here they were attacked by Antonius and Octavianus. The division com- mandicl by Cassius Longinus was totally rout- ed: on the other hand, Brutus succeeded in re- pulsing the troops of Octavianus. Cassius Longi- nus, supposing that all was lost, compelled his freedman, Pindarus, to put bim to death. His wife, a half-sister of Brutus, survived him up- ward of sixty years. She died in the reign of Til>erius. a.d. 22. CASSIUS PARMEN'SIS, or Gaius Cassius Sevkki s. One of the con-pirators against the life of .lulius C;psar. He was an adherent of his namesake Cassius, and foight on his side until their defeat at Philippi. Afterwards he joined Sextus Pompeius, and finally supported An- tonius until the defeat at Actium. He went to Athens, but was arrested and executed, about i;.c. 30, by order of .Augustus. He made some pretensions to poetic ability, but he was not the Cassius alluded to by Horace as noted for the abundance and the jjovcrty of his compositions. CASSIUS VIS'CELLI'NUS, Spuriu.s. A Roman of the Fifth Century B.C., distinguished as the author of what is called the lirsl agrarian law of Koine. He was thrice consul — in n.c. 502, 493, and 486. The law which be presented was, presumably, a restatement of the earlier law of Servius Tullius. Despite the strong op- position of the patricians, led by his fellow- consul, irginius Tricostus, he succeeded in eflect- ing (he legal passage of the law which was, however, never enforced. In 485 he was accused by his enemies of seeking royal power, and, with these enemies as judges, was put to death as a traitor. See Agrabian Law. CAS'SIVELLAU'NUS (c.50b.c.). A native cliiellain chosen by the Britons to be their com- mander when Ciesar made his second invasion, in B.C. 54. Cassivellaunus was routed in the first engagement, biit continued to harass the Romans and to cut off all foragers or stragglers. ^Moved by reverses, he finally gave hostages to C;T^sar, who commanded him also to pay a tribute and not to make war on the tribes who had aided the Romans. CASSOCK. See Costume, Ecclesiastical. CASSOP'OLIS. A village and county-seat of Cass County, iMich., 90 miles west by south of Jackson, on the Michigan Central and the Clii- cago and Grand Trunk railroads. It is known as a sunmier resort, being in a picturesque lake region. The industrial establishments include flour and saw mills, a grain-drill factory, bowl- factorv, etc. Population, in 1890, 1369; in 1900, '1330. CASSOWARY (Fr. casoar, Sp. casoario, casohor, Dutch casuaar.irom Malay kassnicaris) . A family (Casuariid.'e) of ratite birds allied to the ostrich, but distinctively characterized by still greater shortness of wing, by a bony crest, by pendent wattles on the naked neck, and by tiiree toes on each foot, the inner toe sbort and armed with a very long and sharp claw. There are also very important anatomical differences (see Huxley, Proceedinfis Zoological floc-icty of London, 1867), especially in its digestive or- gans, which are not adapted to the same coarse diet. Cassowaries are still more closely allied to the emus, and with them form a group (Me- gistancs) peculiar to the Australian region. ,'bout twelve species of cassowary are known, of which the most familiar is that from Ceram (Cdsuarius galeatus'), known since 1597 and frequently seen in menageries. It is the largest known bird except the ostrich, and its height, when erect, is about 5 feet. The color is brown- ish-black. The feathers are loosely webbed and hang down, so that at a little distance the bird seems clothed with hair. Those of the rump are 14 inches long, hanging down in place of a tail. The bead and upper part of the neck are naked, and of a bluish color, and there are two jiendent wattles, partly red and partly blue, on the front of the neck. On the breast is a cal- lous bare part, on which the bird rests its body