Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/516

CEBINTHUS. 438 CERQUOZZI. and lived in Ephesus contemporaneously (accord- ing to the belief of the Church) with the aged Apostle John. Tradition tells us that John held the lieretie in such detestation, that, on a certain occasion, when he encountered t'erinthus in the baths of Ephesus, he immediately left the place, saying to those about him : "het us llee, lest the bath should fall while Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is there.'" It was believed in the an- cient Ohurch that the (Jospel of Saint John was written in opposition to the tenets of Cerinthus; and the Roman presbyter Caius (about the close of the Second Century) supposed that Cerintlius had revenged liimself by falsely ascribing the authorship of the Apocalypse to Saint Joliii — it being in reality his own work! The fathers con- tradict one another in their accounts of Cerin- thus. Some describe him as a complete Gnostic, in which case he would be the earliest recorded teacher of that sect : others say that he held coarse and sensual millcnarian views, making the millennium (q.v.), with the licentious fancy of an Arab, consist chietly in 'nuptial delights. ' and that he believed the Jewisli ceremonial law to be in part binding upon Christians. There can be no doubt that Cerinthus made use of the Jewish law at least as a symbid for his Gnostic doctrines, and also employed millenarian tonus in a symbolical manner; a very natural thing for him to do, on the hypothesis which Neander and others have suggested — that Gnosticism originated, not among the minds which had re- ceived a true Hellenic culture, but among the Judaizing sects, whose theosophy was a jumble of the spiritual and the material. Cerinthus being the oldest teadier of Judaico-Gnostie prin- ciples, there would naturally be a greater in- congruity and want of harmony in his language and ideas than characterized Gnosticism at a later period of its development; and subsequent ecclesiastical writers, destitute of precise histori- cal knowledge and sound principles of criticism, eould hardly avoid misunderstanding a system which is not (consistent throughout, but bears evident marks of being fomied in a transition epoch. CE'RITE (from Neo-Lat. cerium). A hy- drated cerium silicate of complex composition containing other metals of the cerium group, as didymium and lanthanum. It crystallizes in the ortiiorhombic system and is of a brownish red color. It is found at IJastniis in Westmanland, Sweden, and is tlic chief source of the element cerium. A partial separation of the metals con- tained in cerite may be cfTccted by treating the mineral with suli>liuric acid and separating the resulting sulpliates by taking advantage of the differences in their solubility. Cerium may then be completely isolated from the insoluble portion by converting this in1<i nitrate and sulijecting to a process of decomposition, the nitrate of cerium being more readily broken tip by heat (and lience rendered insoluble) tlian the other nitrates jirewent. CE'BITJM (Keo-T,at., named after the planet Ceres). metallic element discovered by Ber- zelius in ISO^. It is not found native, but occurs combined in many Swedisli minerals, especially as the silicate in cerite. which contains ,iO per cent, of cerium peroxide. It also occurs in samarskite, a mineral found in North Carolina. After eerium has been isolated from the other constituents of cerite (q.v.), it may be obtained in the metallic state by the electrolysis of .ts anhydrous chloride, or by fusing the latter with metallic sodium. Cerium (symbol, Ce; atomic weight, 140) is a steel-gray, ductile, and malleable metal whose melting-point is higher than that of silver. Its specific gravity varies between 5.5 and ti.03. It forms two series of salts, the cerous and eerie. Cerous sulpliate is used to produce a deep, blue-black color on fabrics. Cerous o.xalate is sometimes used in medicine, especially for the vomiting of pregnancy. CERNUSCHI, clier-noos'ke, Enrico (1821- !)() I . An Italian economist. He was born in .Milan, and took part in the Italian Revolution of 1848. in which he was an ardent Republican. In 1850 he took refuge in France and engaged in banking. He became a principal stockholder of IjC Siecle, and discussed in that journal economic subjects with considerable ability. Owing to his denunciation of socialism, his life was in great peril from the communists in 1871. He left France and visited Egypt, China, and Jajian, bringing back valuable ethnological and art collections. These he bequeathed to the city of Paris, and they now form the Musee Cernuschi, opened in ISn's. He visited the United States in 1877, and delivered many addresses on economic ques- tions, championing the cause of bimetallism. Among his works are: ilveanique <le I'echiingc (18G5): Conlre le billet de hanqiie (18GG); Il- lusions des socictcs coopcratires (18()G) : Or et argent (1874): .S'i7i;er Vindieated (1876); Le lilnnd hill (1878); Le himetfillisme a quinze et demi (1881); and Le grand proees de I'union latine (1884). CE'RO (from Sp. sierra, saw. sawfish, from Lat. serra, saw). An uncommon marine fish tSeomberomorus regale) similar to, but larger tli.an, the Spanish mackerel, reaching 20 pounds in weight. It belongs to the western Atlantic. Another species, the sierra {Scombcromorus ea- bulla), is called 'king-cero,' and may* weigh 100 pounds, and is found in the warmer parts of the Atlantic. Both are good food. CEROG'RAPHY (from Gk. Kr,p;ypa,f>la. kern- graph ill. ciicaiislic painting, from K-rjpoypaipeTv, kerograpltein, to paint with wax, from KTtpit, keros, wax + ypa^uv, graphein, to write), 'fhe art of painting with wax. It was employed by (Jreck and early Roman painters. Wax. as a medium, is sometimes used by our modern mural painters, as it gives the dull effect of fresco painting, more suited to mural work than the disturbing effect of oil, which shines in spots at certain angles of light. See Exc.AiSTic Paintim;. CE'ROPLAS'TIC (Gk. Kvi'0TratrriK6f, hero- plaslilios. modeling in wax, frnni Kij/jATrXao-ros, keroplastos. molded in wax. from Kripis, l.rro.'i, wax -)- Triff(reiv, plassein, to mold). The art of modeling in wax. See V.xwork, CERNY, dier'ne, Frederick. See Guthrie. FltKllKHUK. CERQUOZZI, cher-kwot'se, ;MicnEr.ANGELO (IGO-JliO). .^n Italian painter, born in Rome. He began his art as a painter of fruit and (low- ers under Pietro Bonzi, but afterwards devoted himself to battle pictures and was called 'delle Biittaglie,' There are pictures by him in the