Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/557

CHAMPERICO. 477 CHAMPLAIN. CHAMPERICO. chnmpa-re'kd. A port of (iiKilcmala. sinutod on the Pacific coast, at the mouth of the Salamo, 100 miles southwest of Guatemala. The town is connceted with Acapulco, Mexico, by steamship, and with the interior by railroad, and is the residence of a I'nited States consular ap;ent. Its chief article of export is coffee. Population, 1000. CHAMPERTY, sliam'per-ti, or CHAM- FARTY ((IF. champart, from Med. Lat. co/ii- liil'iiis. taiiiptir.i. fiimpnrlatiium, from Lat. campi pt'rs, part of the field, from campi partitio, a division of lands). A bargain between the phiintitl" or defendant in a suit, and a third party, generally a lawyer, that the latter shall have part of the land, debt, or other thing sued for, in the event of success, and that in the meantime he shall carry on the suit at his own expense. This practice has been strictly forbid- leu by statute in England from verv carlv times (3 Edward I. c. 2.5; 13 Edward I. "c. 49 f etc.) : and in &k."otland the rule of the civil law by which the pacliim de quota litis was held to l>e a pactum illicitum, and as such void, has all along been part of the common law. Such prac- tiics were also forbidden bv statute to members of the college of justice (1594 c. 210). There is this difference between the law-s of the two (■■luntries. however, that whereas in England the "llciisc has always l)een iivinished criminally, in Scotland the only penalty which it entails, beyond nullity of the barg-ain, is deprivation of office. .According to Blackstone, the word "signifies the purchasing of a suit, or a right of suing — a prac- tice so much abhorred by our law that it is one main reason why a chose in action, or thing of which one hath the right but not the posses- sion, is not assignable at common law, because no man should purchase any pretense to sue in another's right." In many of the United States, however, cham- perlous agreements are authorized by statute; and, both in England and in this country, the prevailing tendency is toward freedom of con- tract between litigant and lanyer, and between the owner of a chose in action (q.v. ) and any one who is willing to buy it. See ilAiXTEXAXCE. CHAMPFLEXJRY, sh.ax'fle're'. The pseudo- nym of .Jules Fleury-Husson (1821-89). A French novelist and miscellaneous writer, bom at Laon. His early work was an essential though , an apparently accidental contribution to the naturalistic movement in French fiction, though most of his novels are romantic and even bohe- mian. In these he appears as a quiet and genial observer of the follies of mankind, not a satirist of its vices. In Chien-Caillou (1847), and especially in his best novel, Les bourgeois de Molinchart (1834), he forms a most interest- ing connecting link between Balzac in his Scenes de la vie de province and Flaubert in the epoch- making Madame Horary (1850). Champfleury wrote also three volumes of Etudes litt^raires, and a valuable Bibliographic ccramiquc, as well as other works on the history of pottery based on the collections of the porcelain manufactory at Sevres, of which, in 1872, he was made cus- todian. CHAMPION (from ;Med. Lat. campio, com- batant, from campus, [battlel-field). In the judicial combats of the Middle Ages, -women, children, and aL'cd persons were allowed to ap- pear by deputy in the lists. Such a deputy was called a champion. Those who followed this pro- fession were generally of the lowest class, and were regarded as disreputable, and in case of defeat were liable to equal punishment with their clients. They were obliged to wear a peculiar armor and dress of leather, and were not al- lowed to fight on horseback. Champions are mentioned as early a? the time of Charlemagne. A noble was not required to meet a plebeian, nor were the clergy allowed to enter the lists. In the age cf chivalry the champion was a knight, who entered the lists in behalf of an injured lady, or child, or any one incapable of self- dctVnse. The term champion was also applied to the knight who saw that no injury or insult was oifered to ladies at tournainents. In Eng- land, formerly, on conmation day a knight fully armed would challenge all who denied the King's right to the throne. The custom, which dates back to William the Conqueror, became, in the time of Richard III., the hereditary right of the Dymoke family, and was last observed at the coronation of Ceorge IV. CHAMPION, The. An anti-ministerial jour- nal founded by Henry Fielding, while living in the Temple, in 1739. In 1741 he was assisted by James Ralph, who had edited the Uniiersal Spectator, and who continued to bring out the new venture after Fielding had retired from it. The paper was modeled after Addison's Spectator and is noteworthy as containing a rather fierce attack by Fielding on Colley Gibber, who had referred to him slightingly in" his Apology. CHAMPION HILLS." A group of hills in Hinds County, iliss.. 20 miles east of Vicksburg, where, ilay 10. 1803, during the Civil War, a Federal force of about 15,000 (actually engaged), under General Grant, defeated a somewhaf larger Confederate force under General Pemberton, the battle lasting about four hours, and the losses in killed, wounded, captured, and missing being about 2450 for the Federals and 5500 for the Con- federates (;Map: ^Mississippi, D 0). CHAMPLAIN, sham-pl-ln'. A lake lying be- tween Vermont and Xew York (Map: Xew York, G 1). It is 110 miles long and increases in width from one-quarter of a mile in the south to 13 miles in the north. Its area is about 600 square miles, of which two-thirds is in Vermont. The northern extremity extends 6 miles into Canada. It is about 95 feet above the sea, has a maximum depth of some 300 feet, and is navigable for the largest vessels. It is drained at the north by the Richelieu River (q.v.), which empties into the Saint Lawrence. It is con- nected with the Hudson by a canal from White- hall. Its principal islands are those composing (irand Isle County. Vt. Grand Isle, 12 miles long and 1 to 4 miles wide, contains two town- ships—Grand Isle and South Hero. North Hero, 14 miles long. 2 to 3 miles wide, and Isle La Motte, 6 miles long and 1 to 2 miles wide, are the other main islands of the group. Alburg Penin- sula, about 12 miles long and projecting south from Canada into the lake, completes the terri- tory of Grand Isle County. The general shore-line is sinuous and offers many fine bays and bold promontories. The scenery in this region is beau- tiful. The Green Mountain range (q.v.) lies about 20 miles east of the lake: on the west are the .dirondacks. The chief towns along the wa-