Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/634

CHECKING. 552 CHEESE. for tlie pui])ose of checking, Imt tlie excess for l> is easier found ttian that for any other num- oer not havinjr more exceptions to its etiiciency. The method of casting out nines is only one of several important cheeks used in mathematical operations. In alpehra, one of the principal checks is that of arbitrary values. Thus, in the multiplication of n" + 2ab + b' by a + b, the jiroduct is a' -- Sa'b + 3ui)= + b'. This may be checked by substituting any arbitrary values for a and b, as a = 2, b = 3. giving 5 X 2.") = 125. There is also the check of liomogcncity. likewise illustrated by the above multiplication, where the product of two homogeneois functions of degrees 2 and 3 res])ectively is also homoge- neous of degree 2 + 3. Functions which are. as in the above case, symmetric with respect to cer- tain letters, also give rise in general to func- tions synnnetric with respect to those letters when one is operated upon by the other, thus sug- gesting a simple check. The use of checks chai- aeteri/es the work of all who have to jjcrforni operations of various kinds in any of the branches of mathematics, and the importance of the subject can hardly be overestimated. Consult Beman and Smith, Higher Arithmelic (Boston, 1895). CHECKY, chf'k'I, or CHEQUEE, chek'e (OF. escheqiie. from cschrqiicr. to check). The name given in heraldry to a field or <-harge composed of small squares" of different tinctures, generally metal and color. CHEDDAK CHEESE. See Cheesk; Chee.se- M.VKIXG. CHEDORLAOMER, ked'or-lft-o'nier. A king of Fhuii. wlui. according to On. xiv., conquered Palestine, but thirteen years later was forced to make an invasion in order to establish his authority. He was accompanied by Amraphel (q.v.) of Shinar, Arioeh (q.v.) of Ellasar, and Tidal of Coyim. Having conqiicrcd the Re- jihaim. the Zamzummim. the Kmim. and the Horites, and i)rocecded as far as Kl Paran. he re- lumed by Avay of El Mish]>at. slew the Aniale- kites and the Amorites in Hazezon Tamar. and defeated in a pitched l)attle the five kings of Sodom. Gomorrah, Admali, Zeboiini, and Zoar, hut was smitten near Dan by Abrani, who rescued his nephew. Lot. The historical character of this narrative cannot be maintained. Chedorlaomer is indeed a possible Klamitish name, as Kudur occurs in Kudur nanchundi and Kudur nabuk. and Lagamam or Lagamal is the name of an F.lamitish goddess. Three cuneiform tablets have been found dating from the early Seleucid and the Arsacid periods, in which some scholars have seen a reference to King Kudur l.iifiiimar, but the name in the first is only Kudur Ku Ku mal, in the second Kudur inicli { 1) <ju mal. and in the third, Kudur nuch ( ?) pu : the first also has the names AVJ Kaku and TundrhuUi. and the second Eriehua. When these men lived cannot be determined. An invasion of Palestine by an Elamitish king is not improb- able. But there is as yet no evidence from the monuments of any of these kings, ft is regarded as most probable (hat the names were found by some Babylonian .Tew and put into connection on the one liand with the symbolical and fictitious names of the kings of the sidmierged cities (see Sodom) ; on the other, with .'Vbram. This mid- rash is supposed to have been written in the Fourth Century n.c, and it is possible that the appendix in which Melchizedek (q.v.) figures is even later. Consult, especially. King, Lrllrrs and Inscriptionx of Hammurabi I. (London. 1 S<t8 . CHEDU'BA. An i>lan(l olf Arakan, Burma, in the Bay of Bengal, stretching from latitude 18° 40' to"l8° 5()' X.. and from longitude 03^ 31' to 93° 50' E. Area. 240 square miles. Popula- tion, 24.000 (ilap: Burma. B 3). The soil is fertile, yielding rice, tobacco, sugar, indigo, cot- ton, hem]), and large quantities of a vegetable oil, equally fitted for birning and for varnishing. The principal mineral is petroleum. The island is of volcanic origin, and the coast has earthy cones, which emit nuid and gas. The small town of Cheduba, or ilanauiig. in the northeast, has a population of 2000. CHEE'CHA (native name). A gecko [Hemi- dactylus frwuatus) of Ceylon, India, and the Orient, four or five inches long, which is semi- domesticated. '"It makes its appearance soon after sunset, about the walls of the Indian dwellings, in search of flies and other small in- sects. If some attention be showTi it, however, it will present itself every evening at the aecvis- tomed place. . . . soon liecoming very tame." See Gecko. CHEE'LA, or CHILA. See Serpent-Eagle. CHEER, or CHIR. See Pheasant. CHEER'YBLE, Frank. The nephew of the Cliccryble brothers in Dickens's Xicholas Xicktf- by. He becomes the husliand of Kate Xickleby. CHEERYBLE BROTHERS, The. Twin lirothers. Charles and Edwin by name, who are benevolent friends to Xicholas and Kate in Dickens's Xirltolax irhlrbif. They are a pair of impulsive, warm-hearted London merchants, who are customarily clad in "broad-skirted blue coats. drab breeches, high gaiters, and low-crowncd, broad-brinuned white hats," and whose double chins "rest in the folds of white neckerchiefs." They are said to be drawn from the Grant brothers who were Manchester cotton-spinners in Dickens's day, CHEESE (.S. ci'sc, from T^at. caseun. cheese). . food product made from milk by .separating the curd or casein and portions of the fat and other constituents from the whey, shaping the mass into dilferent forms, and usually ripening or curing it. The product ha.s been known since earliest times, the oldest mention of it dating back to about i!,c. 1400. It was a c(mimon food material long before bittcr was known, the ref- erences to butter in the Bil)lc being more correct- ly translated, 'curdled milk.' The Greeks were familiar with cheese-making at the time of Homer, and Aristotle refers to the rennet ing of milk with the sap of the fig. Hippocrates mentions cheese made from mare's milk and from goat's milk. Sheep's milk was employed for this purpose by the early Egyptians. The Romans used cheese as food quite extensively, and were familiar with several kinds, one sim- ilar to Limburgcr, others flavored with spices and herbs, and some which were smoked in the ])rocess of making. Columella gives a very good description of the methods employed in che<>se- making, and Pliny describes the foreign cheeses to be had in Rome, some of which were quite celebrated.