Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/666

CHENERY. 5S4 CHENIER. CHE'NERY, Thomas (182C-S4). An Eiif;- lisli journalist and Arabic scholar. lie was born in tlic Barbiidoes, was educated at Cam- bridge, and became corres])ondont for the London Times in the Crimean War. Afterwards he be- came a writer of editorials, and in 1877 suc- ceeded John T. Delane as editor of the Times. He was an excellent Arabic and Hebrew scholar; was professor of Arabic at Oxford from 18(>(i to 1877: and was a member of the eomiiany of the Old Testament revisers. He i)ublislied a trans- li.tion of the &'(> Assemhiics of Hariri (18()7), and an edition of the Machbcrolh Itliicl of Harizi (ISTii). CHETWEY, CnARi.E,s Kowaud (IS.SO— ). A bishop of the Eeformcd Ei)isco])al Church in America. He was born in Canandait;ua, N. Y., and sradnated at llobart College in 1857, and two years later at the Theological Seminary of Virginia. He was ordained to the Protestant Episcopal i)riesthood. and in 1800 became rector of Christ Church, Cliicago. For refusing to use the word 'regenerate' in the baptismal ofUces, he was tried and susjiendcd by an ecclesiastical court, and when he refused to yield was deposed from the iiriesthood. Soon afterwards (in De- cember, 187.'J) he was chosen assistant bishop, and afterwards bislioj), of the Reformed K])isco- pal Church, then newly organized, and became again rector of Christ Church, Chicago, the parish following its pastor into the new com- munion. CHENEY, John Vanck (1848—). An American librarian and poet, born in C4roveland, N. Y. He studied law in Woodstock. Vt. (1871- 74). and in Haverhill, Mass. (1874-75), and practiced for a year in New York. He then re- moved to C!aliforni.a (1870), sind was librarian of the Frw Public Librar^ in San Francisco from 1887 to 1S!)4. Since 1804 he has been librarian of the Newberry Library in Chicago. He has published several volumes of poems, including: Thistle Drift (1887); Queen Helen, and Other I'ucms (18!)5) ; Out of the Silence (1807) ; and For Thinking Hearts (1901) ; and two volumes of essays: The Golden Guess (1S!)3), and That Dome in .Mr ( 1S!)5). CHENEY, Sktu Wkli.s (1810-50). An American artist. He wa.s born in Connecticut, studied art in Paris, and became famous for his crayon portraits, those of Theodore Parker and William Cullen Bryant being esjieeially well known. To him is attribnU'd the beginning of craycm work in the United Strifes. His widow, Eu.XAii Dow CllEXKY (1824—), became a well- known author. She took an active ])art in the Freedman's Aid movement, and was later a prominent lohocate of woman sufTrage. CHENIER, sha-nya'. ANORfi Marie de (17C2- 94). A French poet. He was born in Constanti- nople, where his father, Louis de Chenier, a historian of some note, was consul-general. Andre was sent in infancy to France, and studied in Paris. His mother was Greek, and he had a strong predilection for Greek poets, from whom he adapted verses as early as 1779. In 1782 lie entered the army, but resigned that year and gave himself up to study and poetry, writing idyls and planning longer works. His health failed from ovcrstudy, and he passed 1785- 80 in (ravel. On his return he conceived a passion for Maxlame de Bonneuil that inspired nniny of his elegies, remarkable for their classic I)urity of language and their restrained vigor of thought, ami showing him an apt, probably the aptest, pupil of the Greek anthologists, ll",; wrote also at this time, in imitation of Ovid, a poem on the "Art of Love;" a poetic theory of a'sthetics, "L'lnvention;" and a Luiretian jiiiibi- sophic poem, '•Hermes," which remains a noble fragment, but "Susanne," a Miltonie treatment of the biblical legend, is little more than a preliminary sketch, Xo;ie of this work was then published. In 1787 Chenier went as secre- tary of legation to London. This uncongenial post_ he resigned in 17!K), and entered with patriotic zeal into the revolutionary movement, joining the moderate party as a lover of liberty and a hater of anarchy. He wrote a nninifesto iii this spirit for the Society of '89, which brouglit liim a medal from Stanislas Poniatowski of Po- land and lierce denunciation from Camille Des- moulins, in I.es revolutions de France et de lira- hanl. In 1791 he wrote the Jeu de Paume, a superb Pindaric ode on the meeting of the Tliird ICstate. The same year he was defeated in the election {or the National Assembly. In 1792 his anti-Jacobin attitude involved him in sharp con- troversy, and the fall of the monarchy made him resolve to retire from politics and devote himself to study and art. But the trial of the King brought him again to (he front. He offered to share in the prei)ara- tion of the King's defense and in the responsi- bilit.v for it. Then, broken in spirit, he with- drew to Kouen and Versailles, whence he wrote the striking poems, "A VcTsailles" and "A Fan- ny." He could not resign himself to be a passive spectator of the Terror. On Janiuiry 6, 1794, seized for protesting against the arrest of his hostess, Madame de Pastoret, at Pa.ssy, he re- mained in Saint-Lazare prison till his execution, July 25. Here he wrote his most famous poems, an iambic denunciation of the Convention, and the exquisite "Jeune Cajjlivc," dedicated to his fellow-i)risoncr, ]lademoisclle de Coigny (later Duchess of Fleury). It is said that on bis way to execution he recited to his fellow-condenuu'ci, the poet Boucher, the opening lines of Kaeine's Anflromaf/ue. His last words are reported as; "I have done nothing for ])(]sterity. and yet I had something in me." He had indeed jjublished only the "Jeu de Paume" and "Ole ;1 Charlotte Cor- day," the sclf-ajjpointed executicmer of Marat. His other iiocms were first cditM in 1819, by La- touche. He became at once a restraining and chastening f(n-ee in the new romantic jjoetry. He still stands among French poets as an envied model of formal purity, stately yet vigorous dic- tion, and a lyric style that is warmly pas- sionate, yet never obtrusively personal. TJie best edition of Chenier is by Becq de Fouquii'^rca (3 vols., 1802), who also" published (1S40) you- vcaux documents siir Andre Chenier, (Furres eii prose. There is also a later edition of Chenier's Prose (1879) and Pot-sie (1889), by L. Moland. Consult; Becq de Fouqni^res, Leitres critiques sur Chdnicr (Paris, 1881) : Vallee, Chfnicr et les Jacobins (Paris, 1881); Bouquet, Les Chenier, portraits, lettres cl frafinients infdits (Paris, 1891): Berthcleroy, Elo(ie de Chfnier (1901): Haraszti, I,a pofsie d'Andr6 Ghfnier (Paris, 1892); Morillot, Andri Chfnier (Paris, 1894); Heller, Andr6 Chdnier (New York, 1895),