Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/686

CHEVRONS. 602 CHEW. sist of a diagonal half-chevron of cloth of the color of the corps, department, or arm of ser- vice in which Ihey have served, worn as a mark of distinction upon both sleeves of the dress coat below the elbow. To indicate sermce in war, a diagonal half-chevron of white cloth, with piping of the same color as the facings of the corps, department, or arm of service in which the soldier earned the right to wear it, is used : those for the engineers have in addition a stitching of white silk on each side of the chevron, which is worn on both sleeves of the dress coat. (For con- ditions under which serviee-in-war chevrons are worn, see UiNifoksis, SItutary.) The chevrons to indicate service and service in war, if more than one, will be worn one above the other, in the order in which they were earned, one-quarter of an inch distance "between them, and only tor wars and such Indian campaigns as have been BO designated by the Secretary of War in orders. Chevrons of varying number and design are worn for the same reason and purpose in prac- tically eveiy civilized army, the English and French systems more closely approaching the United States than do the other nations of Continental Europe. Chevrons as badges of dis- tinction were first introduced in the Prussian cavalry in 1SS9, and are worn by expert swords- men. In France veterans and non-commissioned officers promoted for long service are called chev- ronnes. In England warrant and non-commis- sioned officers wear the badges similarly to the French, on the left sleeve of the coat, between the elbow and the shoulder. Four chevrons denote the rank of quartermaster-sergeant, three a ser- geant, two a corporal, and one a lance-corporal of infantry, a bombardier of artillery, and a second corporal of engineers. They are worn point downward. Warrant ofTieers (i.e. regi- mental sergeant-major or bandmaster) are dis- tinguished, the former by a gold ero^^-n worn over the left cuff, and the latter by a gold lyre simi- larly worn. Chevrons for long service are worn by private soldiers on the right forearm, points upward. Chevrons for long service in the case of enlisted men or for rank in the case of non-com- missioned olBcers below the rank of full sergeant are of cotton braid, the color of which is deter- mined b}' the arm of the service to which the wearer belongs. Non-commissioned officers of ser- geant's rank and upward wear gold chevrons. CHEVKOTAIN, shev'ru-tan' (Fr., from OF. chevrul. dim. of chevre, from Lat. caper, goat) . A group (Tragulina) of diminutive, hornless, deer-like animals, the smallest known ungulates, which are intermediate in structure between pigs, camels, and deer, but resemble agoutis in form, standing only about 12 inches high. Sev- eral species inhabit soutliern India, Ceylon, and the Malaj'an region, and one inliabits the Philip- pines. These belong to the genus Tragulus, and the best known are the kanchil {Trafjulus l:an- chil) of the ^Malayan Islands and the Indian chevrotain, or mouse-deer (Tragulus menimina) , which differs from the others in being spotted with white. Usually the fur has some soft and beautiful hue of rufous, tawny, or mouse-gray. In West Africa is a related species, the 'biche cochon,' or 'water-deer' {Dorcatheriuvi aquati- cus) , which is rich brown, with the back and sides spotted and striped. All are shy little creatures, walking with a queer, stifT-legged. tip- toeing gait, and hiding in thickets and rocky jungles, but capable of becoming gentle pet-s. These constitute the family Tragulidae, which seems to be a scant survival of a grouj) of forms widely distributed throughout all the temperate zone in Middle Tertiary times, and traceable to the same ancestry as the deer. See Plate of Fallow Deer, iUsK, etc., with Deer. CHEVY CHASE (probably a corruption of Fr. chei-auchce, raid; scarcely connected with Engl, chevy, chivy, to drive, from Gypsy cliiv. goad). The name of perhaps the most famous of British ballads. It has been preserved in two forms, known severally as the Scotch version and the English version, of which the former is the older and the more imaginative. To the Scotch ballad there is a reference in The Com- playnt of Scotland (1549), and apparently in Sidney's Apologie for Poetry (1595). The Eng- lish poem, best known in England, was praised by Addison for its naturalness and simplicity [Spectator, Nos. 70, 74, 85), and continues to be a favorite poem. It is impossible to reconcile its incidents with history, but the event which is meant to be commemorated appears to have been the battle of Otterburn, in August, 1388 — a fight which Froissart declares to have been the bravest and most chivalrous which was fought in his day. According to the ballad, Percy, surnamed Hotspur, vowed that he would enter Scotland, and take his pleasure for three days in the woods of his rival, and slay the deer therein at will. Douglas sent back word that he would prevent the sport. Accordingly, at the time of the hay harvest, Percy, with stag-hounds and archers, passed into the domains of his foe, and slew a hundred fat bucks. After the English had hastily cooked their game, Douglas, clad in amior, and heading his Scottish spears, came on the scene. Haughty challenge and defiance passed between the captains, and the battle joined. In the centre of the fray the two leaders met, and during the fierce combat an English arrow struck Douglas to the heart. '"Fight on, my merry men all!" cried he, and died. Pei'cy, with all the chivalrous feeling of his race, took the dead man by the hand, and vowed that he wovild have given all his lands to save him, for a braver knight never fell by such a chance. Sir Hugh Mont- gomerj', having seen the fall of Douglas, clapped spurs to his horse, daslied on Percy, and struck his spear through his body a long cloth yard and more. When the battle ended, representJxtives of every noble family on either side of the Border lay on the bloody greensward. Consult "The Hunting of the Cheviot," in Child, English and Scoltish Ballads, Vol. III. (Boston, 1878). CHEW, Benjamin (I7'22-1810). An Ameri- can jurist, born at West River, Md. He studied law in the oflice of Andrew Hamilton (q.v. ) in Philadelphia, Pa., and afterwards in London; returned to Philadelphia in 1754, and was suc- cessively Register of Wills. Attorney-General, and Chief .Justice of Pennsylvania. After tlie adop- tion of the Declaration of Independence he joined the ranks of the Loyalists, or Tories, re- signed the Chief-.Tusticeship. and retired to pri- vate life. Stubbornly refusing to sign a parole, he was imprisoned at Fredericksburg, Va., in 1777. In the same year his elegant mansion (still known as the 'Chew House') in German- tovm was badly damaged by the cannonading to which it was subjected during the battle of