Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/710

CHICKASAW. 616 CHICOPEE. mixed Chickasaw blood may mmibor from 3000 to nOOO, allliough the whole numlier of 'citizens,' iiichuliiig InUians, negroes, and adopted whites, is 10,r)00. CHICKASAW BLUFFS, or BAYOU, InTTJT, BA-rri-K OF. . battle tuujilit. l)ei-eml)er 2!l. 1802, between a Federal force under General Sherman and a Confederate force under General I'ember- lon. stronsjly intrenched on the blull's above Chickasaw Hayou, the Federals bein}; rejiulsed with fireat loss. It was the result of an attempt by Sherman to attain the rear of Mcksbur;;. by way of Vazoo River, with a view to eoiiperating with General (Jrant in his operations against that city. (See VicKsm'RC, C.MPAtnN Against.) The Federal loss in killed, wounded, and missing was almost 2000; the Confederate less than 200. An interesting account of the engagement is given in Sherman. Memoirs (2 vols.. New York, 1888). CHICKEN. See Fowl. CHICKEN-BIRD, or CHICKEN-PLOVER. The tnrnstone. CHICKEN CHOLERA. See Fowl Cholera. CHICKEN-FLEA. See Chigoe. CHICKEN-LICE. See Fowl; Louse. CHICKEN-POX, or Varicella (Neo-Lat., from variola, smallpox, from Lat. varius, spotted). An acute contagious disease, chiefly of children. It is characterized by early fever, an cr>ii)tion of papules and vesicles, with mild constitutional disturbance. In most cases fever is present twenty-four hours before the eruption appears. The erujition comes out in crops, on the face, scalp, or shoulders, as red, widely scat- tered papules, spreading slowly over the body, one crop maturing while another is appearing. Thus red papules, blebs filled with clear fluid, iind crusts, are found at the same time in a small area. Pitting is rare, and generally i«>curs, if ever, tm the face. Chii-ken-pox is extremely contagious, but very rarely dangerous. Compli- cations or serious sequebe are rare. Erysipelas, gangrene, indannnation of glands, abscesses, or kidney 'disease may occur. Isolation of eases is necessary till all crusts separate and fall off. (^hieken-pox bears no relation to smallpox, and is una fleeted by vaccination. CHICKEN-SNAKE. (1) A very slender harmless snake {Coluber qiiadririttalus) . about 3 feet long, yellowish-brown, with a straw-col- ored head, tail, and abdomen, and two brown stripes along each side of the body. It is com- mon from South Carolina to Florida and Ala- bama, and often enters buildings in search of mice and young poultry ; and is sometimes known as the 'four-lined snake.' (2) In the Northern States, the milk-snake' (q.v.). CHICKENSTALKER, Mrs. An aged shop- keeiicr in Charles Oickcns's The Chimes. CHICKEN TORTOISE, tor'tis, or CHICK- EN TURTLE. One of the edible •|)aint<'d' turtles {Chrysemys reticulata) of the southern t'nited States. CHICK'ERING, .J0NA.S (1797-1853). A self- taught iiiano maker of Boston, who eventually established the largest piano manufactory in the I'nited States. lie was greatly esteemed for his public spirit and benevolence. CHICKLING VETCH. See Latiivrus. CHICK-PEA (corruption of chich-pea, from OF. chivhr, from Lat. eicer, chick -f- Engl. pea). A plant of thi! genus Cicer, of the natural order IjCguminosa', having pinnate leaves, solitary axillary stalked llowers, and two-seeded pods, inlhited like bladders. The common chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) is a native of .southern Europe. It is an annual, HL' to 2 feet high, of a still', up- right liabit, covered with glaiuhilar hairs. The seeds al)ound in starch, and have a slightly bit- terish tasti'. They are about the size of common peas, and resemble in appearance a rani's head; hence the specific name. The ripe seeds are eaten either boiled entire or made into pea soip. They arc sometimes roasted as a substitute for coffee. A red-seeded variety is extensively grown in the East, both for table use and for stock food. CHICKWEED. A name applied to a num- ber of species of Stellaria. One of the most common weeds of gardens and cultivated fields is a species of stitchwort or starwort {Stdlaria media). It is a native of most parts of Furope and of Asia, appearing during the colder months even on the j)lains of India, ami has been abun- dantly introduced in America and elsewhere. It is an annual, with a weak procumbent stem and ovate leaves, very variable, but always charac- terized by having the stem curiously marked with one or two lines of hairs. The leaves of chickweed afford a fine instance of the 'sleep of plants,' in that they close up on the young shoots at night. Although generally regarded as a troublesome weed, chickweed is used for feed- ing cage-birds, which are very fond of both its leaves and seeds. It is a -good substitute for spinach or greens. A number of spcciesof a nearly allied genus, Ceraslium, natives of Europe, al.so bear the mime of chickwoe<l, or mouse-ear chick- weed, and the name is occasionally given to other iilants, either botanically allied or of somewhat similar appearance, as to Holoxleum nmhelhilum, introduced from Europe, common in parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, where it is called jagged chickweed. CHICLANA-DE-LA-FRONTERA, che-kla'- nft d'l la fr.'iii-iri'ra. town of .Andalusia. Spain, about 12 miles southeast of Cadiz (Jlap: Spain, D 3). It is pleasantly situated on the Lirio, and lias manufactures of linen, earlhenware. and brandy. Its mineral baths are much frequented by the inhabitants of Cadiz. Population, in lUOO, 10. 808. CHICLAYO, cheklii'yA. A town in the De- partment of I.ambayeque. Peru, situated in a sugar-growing )ilain near the coast (Map: Peru, B 5). It is the residence of a United States consular agent. Population, 13,000. CHICMOZTOC, chik'mos-tok' (Xahuatl, seven cavc~l. 'I'he mythical birthplace of the Nahuatl race, in .ztcc legend. CHICO, che'kft (Sp., small). A city in Butte County. Cal., Ofl miles north of Sacramento, on Chico Creek and on the Southern Pacific Rail- road (Map: Californiii, C 2). It is the seat of a State normal school, and contains a pulilie library. The fity has flour-mills, luniber-inills, foundry and machine shops, etc., and carries on a considerable trade in grain, fruits, live stock, wool, and lumber. Population, in 18!»0, 2804; in 1900, 2040. CHICOPEE. A city in llam|)den County, Mass., three miles north of Sjiringfield, on the