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CLARK. 811 CLARK. ing works: The Philosophy of Wealth (188G) ; "Wages (1889); Capital and Its Earnings (1888): I'he Distribution of Wealth (I'JOl). Since the death of Franeis A. Walker, Professor Clark, on account of his profoiuui and original contributions to the science of political economy, has occupied the first place among American economists. Consult Ely, "Decade of Economic Theoi-y," in Annals of tht- American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. xv. (Philadel- phia, 1000), CLARK, JoN.s Gllman (1815-1900)., An American philanthropist, born at Hubbardston, Mass. After a term of service as a carriage- maker's apprentice, he began the manufacture of tinware, with shops at ililford and Lowell. In 1853 he went to California, where he developed a successful business. lie invested largely in real estate, and subsequently added to his fortune by banking operations in the East. In 1887 he ob- tained a charter for an institution of higher edu- cation, and in 1889 founded Clark University at Vorcester, !Mass., with an endowment fund of j?l. 000.000. Tlie terms of his will secured to the university a further endowment of $2,500,000. (See Clabk I'xiversity. ) He also established an endowed public library at Hubbardston. CLARK, Lewis G.!^.vlord (1810-73). An American editor, born in Otisco, X. Y. For twenty- tive years (1834-59) he edited, in New York City, the Knickerbocker Magazine, which, by means of contribution.s from such writers as Irving, Bryant, Willis, and Longfellow, and by his own departments of the "Editor's Table" and •'Ck)ssip with Readers and Correspondents," he made the leading literary publication of the time in the United States, Pecuniary- distress caused its discontinuance in 1859. and Clark removed to Piermont, X. Y., where he lived in a residence presented by former contributors to his maga- zine, who raised the necessary funds in part by publishing a volume of their contributions, un- der the title. The Knickerbocker Gallery. He held a place for some time in the New York Custom-House, but still contributed regularly to most of the leading periodicals. His only- books are the Knickerbocker Sketch-Book ( 1850) , and Knick-Knacks from an Editor's Table (1852). Consult Wendell. A Literary History of America (New York, 1900). CLARK, Rev. T. The pseudonym of John Gait, a Scottish novelist (1779-1839). CLARK, TnoMAS iURcii (1812-1903). An American Episcopal prelate. He was born at Xewburyport. Mass. : graduated at Yale in 1831 ; studied theology- at Princeton, and was licensed to preach as a Presbyterian in 1835. He be- came an Episcopalian in the following year, and was rector of Grace Church, Boston, for seven years, afterwards holding charges in Philadel- phia, Hartford, and Providence. In 1854 he was consecrated Bishop of Rhode Island, and in 1899, on the death of Bishop Williams, of Con- necticut, became Presiding Bishop of the Episco- pal Church in America. His Ifiminisccnres ap- peared in 1895: among his other works are Early Discipline and Culture (1852), and Pri- mary Truths of Religion (1869). CLABK, William (1770-1838). An Ameri- can soldier and explorer, the associate of ileri- wetlier Lewis on the f.imous Lewis and Clark Vol. IV.— 52. Expedition. He was born in Caroline County, Va.: removed with his family to the site of Louisville, Ky., in 1784; entered the army, and served as a lieutenant of infantry, under General Wavne, against the Indians, in 1791, He re- signed, owing to ill health, in 1790; but in 1803 was reeomniissioned as a second lieutenant, and from 1804 to 1806 shared with Meriwether Lewis the command of an exploring party which, leaving Saint Louis in ilay, 1804, crossed the continent, reaching the mouth of the Columbia River in Xovember, 1805, and arrived at Saint Louis on its return in September, 1806, (See Lewi.s and Cl.kk Expedition, The.) Subse- quently he was commissioned brigadier-general of militia, served as Indian agent for the Ter- ritorv of Upper Louisiana, was Governor of .Missouri Territory from 1813 to 1821, and acted as Superintendent of Indian Affairs at Saint Louis from 1822 until his death. Consult: The biographical sketch in Coues (editor). History of the Expedition Under the Command of Leuvs and Clark (Xew York, 1893), and the authori- ties referred to under Lewis and Clark Espe- mrioy, Ti!e. CLARK, William Andrews (1839—), An American capitalist and politician, born near Connellsville, Pa. He studied law at Jlount Pleasant (Iowa) University, but never prac- ticed: drove an ox-team to Montana in 1863, and by manufacturing, mercantile i)ursuits, min- ing', and banking, acquired a large fortune. It is said that he became the largest owner of copper- mines in the world. In 1884 and 1889 he was president of the Montana Constitutional Conven- tion. He was Democratic nominee for United States Senator in 1890, but although he claimed the election, did not secure a seat. In 1899 he was elected by the State Legislature to succeed Lee Mantle as United States Senator, Thereupon, at the instance of Marcus Daly, the Anaconda mine-owner, and his political rival, there was begun, before the Senate Committee on Elections and Privileges, an investigation which resulted in the recommendation by the committee that the Senate adopt a resolution to the elTect that Clark "was not duly and legally elected to a scat in the Senate." " Clark, in an address to the Senate, reviewed the report of the committee, and submitted a copy of his resigmition. Al- most immediately thereafter he was appointed by the acting Governor of Montana to fill the vacancy caused by his rcsigiuition. This ap- pointment was subsequently declared by the Governor to he invalid. Clark was elected to the United States Senate by the Montana Legisla- ture for the term of 190107. CLARK, William Bullock (1860—). An American geologist, born at Brattleboro, Vt. He received his education at Amherst, Mass,, and studied geology at Munich, In 1887 he vas made instructor in geology at Johns Hopkins Universifv, and in 1888 l>ecame e(mnected with the United States Geological Survey. In 1891 he was appointed director of the Alaryland Weather Sen-ice; from 1892 to 1894 was asso- ciate professor of geology at .Johns Hopkins University, and in the latter year was made full professor and placed at the head of the geolog- ical laboratory. In 1806 he was made State Geologist of :M'aryland. His pnblii'ations include a number of interesting papers and reports deal- ing with subjects of American geology.