COWRY. 525 COX. Money," in Smithsonian Reports for iSOt, pt. ii. (Washington, 1889). See Shell-Money; also Colored Plate of Makine Gastropods. COW SHARK. A large shark of the tropical family Hoxanoliida'. COWSLIP (AS. cuslyppc, cilsloppe, from cu, cow + slyppe, sloppc, sloppy droppings, from slupan, to dissolve, Kng!. slop; alluding to the pastures where it is usually found; according to a euphemistic popular etymology cow's-Iip) {Primula o/ficinalin or Primula vulgaris). A common native of pastures in Europe; a delicate and modest little flower, a. universal favorite, lioth for its beauty and its fragrance. (For illustra- tion, sec Plate of Cranberry, etc.) The flowers liave sedative properties, and are sometimes used as an anodyne and anti-spasmodic. They are fermented with sugar to make cowslip wine, an agreeable and favorite soporific domestic medi- cine. The name American cowslip, or shooting- star, is given to Dodecathcon media, a perennial plant, also of the natural order Primulacea', a native of North America, with a stalk about eight inches high, bearing an umbel of gracefully pen- dant lilac, rose-color, or white flowers, the petals reflexed over the calyx, the stamens and pistil long, and the anthers of a golden color. It is very ornamental in the flower-border, resembling a cyclamen. There are a dozen or more additional species and numerous varieties in the United States. See Primula. COX, David (1783-1859). An English painter in water-colors and oils, the greatest English water-colorist. He was born at Deritend. near Birmingham, April 29, 178.3, the son of a black- smith. He studied drawing under Joseph Bar- ber, of Birmingham, and water-color under John Varley in London, He was at first a scene- painter in theatres, and for a long time support- ed himself by teaching drawing, until at length there came patronage suflicient for his moderate desires. In 1805 he traveled in Wales, the scen- ery of which from this time became the favorite subject of his paintings. In 181.3 he was made a member of the Society of Painters and Water- Colorists, and in 1814 he published his Treatise on Landscape Paiiitivr/ and Effect in Water-Colors. He did not begin the study of oil-painting until his fifty-sixtli year, under iliiller in London, but he attained great proficiency. Indeed, there is reason to believe that had he practiced it from the beginning he might have equaled Constable. In 1841 he retired to Harbourne, near Birming- ham, where he resided until his death on June 7, 1859, Cox is certainly the most important of the successors of Constalile. His work is bold and aims at a general effect, disregarding small and conflicting details. His colors are those of nature, pure, fresh, and rich, and he handles light with consummate skill. His treatment of atmosphere and atmospheric mood is of the highest order. His small productions are usu- ally better than the larger. He is the great painter of Welsh scenery, of which he was par- ticularly fond. The British Museum and the South Kensington Jlusenm possess some of his' drawings, but the best of his work is in private possession. Several general exhibitions of his work have been held, the best of which was that of ^Manchester in 18S7. Among his best water- colors are the "Hav Field" (1843), "Bolton Abbey" (1847), and the "Welsh Funeral" (1850); among his oils, the "Vale of Clwyd" and "Peace and War." His son David Cox, the younger (1809-85), was also a water-colorist of repute, but not of the same ability as his father. Consult: Hall, Binf/raphi/ of David Cox (Lon- don, 1881) ; Solly, Memoir of Uavid Cox (Lon- <lon, IS75). COX, Sir George William (1827—). A British divine and scholar. He was born at Benares, India, but was taken to England when eight years old. He studied at Kugby and Ox- ford; took orders; was appointed curate of Salcombe Regis, near Sidinoutli ; and later was rector of Scrayingham, YorI<, from 1881 to 1897, when he resigned with a pension from the Civil List. He is a leading exponent of the sun-nn'th theory in comparative mytliology, and has pub- lished Poems Legendary and Historical (1850) ; Life of Saint Boniface (1853); Mytliology of the Aryan Nations (1870); History of Greece (1874); The Crusades (1874); The Athenian Empire (1876); British Rule in India (1881); Life of Bishop Colenso (1888) ; and The Church of Enqland and the Tcachinq of Bishop Colenso (1888). In 1891 he was eho'sen Bisliop of Natal by the friends of Bishop Colenso (q.v.), but was refused consecration by the archbishops and bishops of England. COX, .jACon DoLSON (1828-1900). An Ameri- can soldier, politician, educator, and military historian. He was born in Montreal, Canada,
- -.'as taken bv his parents to New York City in
1820, graduated at Oberlin College in 1851, taught school at Warren, Oliio, in 1852, and there in the following year began the practice of law. From 1859 to 1861 he was a member of the State Senate, and in April, 1801, upon the outbreak of the Civil War, was appointed briga- dier-general of Ohio volunteers. He took a prominent part in the Kanawha Valley cam- p'aign under JfcClellan in the summer of 1861 ; commanded the Ninth Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the battles of South Jlountain and Antietam in 1862 ; commanded the Federal forces in West Virginia in the winter of 1862-63 and the military district of Ohio from April to December, 1863; was in command of the Twenty- third Army Corps during General Sherman's At- lanta campaign and the Franklin and Nashville campaign; was commissioned major-general of volunteers in December, 1864; and early in 1865 was sent to North Carolina to open communica- tions with General Sherman, with whom he efTeet- cd a junction at Goldslioro soon afterwards. In 1866 he resigned from the service. After the close of the war he served as Governor of Ohio in 1866 and 1867, attracting attention by his opposition to the policy of his party (the Repub- lican) on the question of negro suflrage : and from March, 1869, until December, 1870. when he resigned, was Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Grant. Pie then again practiced law, was president of the Wabash Rail- road for several years, was a Republican mem- ber of Congress from 1877 to 1879, was dean of the Cincinnati Law School from 1881 to 1897, and for a short time after 1885 was also presi- dent of the University of Cincinnati. He wrote many magazine articles, mostly on subjects con- nected with the Civil War and with microscopy, in which he attained considerable eminence, arid published the following valuable works on the
