Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/620

CBAIG. 534 CRAIK. duct out of Germany. He now returned to Scot- land (lutiO), and was appointed the colleague of .lolin Knox in the parish church of Edinburgh. Thinking the marriage of Queen ilaiy and Both- well contrary to the ^'ord of God, he boldly re- fused to proclaim the banns, but afterwards yielded under jirotest. In 1572 Craig was sent "to illuminate the dark places" in Forfarshire luitil 1570, when lie was appointed chaplain to King .lames VI. He now took a. leading part in the affairs of the Church, was the compiler of part of the Second Book of Discipline, and the writer of the national covenant signed in 1580 by the King and his household. He was a man of great conscientiousness, and was not slow to op- pose the proceedings of the Court when he deemed them contrary to Scripture, and to speak whole- some but unpleasant truths to majesty itself. He died December 12. 1000. Consult the black- letter facsimile reprint of Craig's Catechisms (Edinburgh, 1885), with inti-oduction by T. Graves Law. CRAIG, Sir Thom.is (1538-1C08). A Scot- tish lawyer, author, and poet. Educated at Saint Andrews and in Paris, he passed as advo- cate at tl Scottish bar in February, 1563. and was appointed justice-depute. He gained the favor of .James VI., who, notwithstanding his modest and persistent refusal, created him a knight in 160.3. Besides some much-admired Latin verse and prose, he wrote Jus Feudale (ed. Burnet. 1655; new ed., with notes and correc- tions by .Tames Baillie, 1766). This learned work is still an authority on feudal law. CRAIGENGELT, kra'gcn-gelt', Captain. In Scott's Bride of Lanimennoor, a bully and ad- venturer, the friend of the Laird of Bucklaw, Frank Hayston. CRAIGENPUTTOCK, kra'gcn-put'tuk. A farm in the southwestern part of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, situated 12 miles north of Castle Douglas, and celebrated as the residence of Thomas Carlyle. It belonged to Jane Welsh be- fore her marriage to the author. The Carlyles lived there most of the time between 1S2S and 1834. ilueh of Carlyle's writing was done at Craigenputtock. and there arc frequent references to it in his published correspondence. Consult "Homes and Haunts of Carlyle," in Westminster Gazette (London. 1885). CRAIGHILL, kra'gil. William Price (1833 — ). An American military engineer, born at Charlestown, Va. He graduated in 1853 at the United States Military Academy; in 1854-55 superintended the building of Fort Sumter, and in 1858 that of Fort Delaware, and was for sev- eral years an instructor at the Academy. In 1863 he constructed the defenses of Pittsburg, and in 1S05 was brevetted a lieutenant-colonel for service in tlie defense of Cumberland Gap. He was promoted to the rank of major, and from 1865 to 1867 was in charge of the defenses of Baltimore Harbor. Subsequently he was con- cerned with several public works, such as the improvement of the Potomac River (1870-74) and the Delaware River ( 1873) . He was chief of engineers of the United States Army, with the rank of brigadier-general, from 1S05 until his retirement at his own request in 1897. In 1894- 95 lie was president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. His publications include an Army Officer's Pocket Companion (1862), and a translation of Dufour's Cours de tactique (1863). CRAIGIE, kra'gf-, Peabl Richabds. See Hoep.es, .John Oliver. CRAIGLEITH (krag'leth') STONE. . A siliceous sandstune belonging to the Carbonif- erous series, quarried at Craigleith, near Edin- burgh. It is largely used in that city for build- ing purposes, for which it is admirably adapted by its purity, durability, and the ease with which it can be wrought. CRAIK, krfik, Dinah Maria (1826-87). An English novelist, better known as jMiss Mllock. She was born at Stoke-upon-Trent, Stafford- shire. In 1849 she published The Ogilvies, her lirst novel, and rapidly afterwards; Olive (1850) ; The Head of the' Family (1851) ; Alice Learmount (1852); Agatha's Husband (1853); John Halifax, Gentleman (1857) ; A Life for a Life (1859): and Christian's Mistake (1865); and a great number of short papers. A pension of £50 was granted to her in 1864. In 1865 she married George Lillie Craik. Among her later works is <SVrmo»,« Out of Church (1875). Her literary reputation rests chiefly upon John Bali- fax, Oentlonan, a classic picture of middle-class English life, which had a remarkable success, and has appeared in frequent later editions. Some of her Poems of Thirty Years, Sew and Old (1881), such as "Douglas" and "Philip, my King," have been popular. CRAIK, George Lillie (I798-1866K An English miscellaneous writer. He was born at Kennoway, Fifeshire, and was educated for the Church at Saint Andrew's University; but, pre- ferring a literary career, he went to London in 1826. His first work of importance was the Pursuit of Knoirlcdge Under Difficulties ( 1830- 31), forming part of the series of publications issued by the Society for the Diffusion of L'seful Knowledge. He also contributed largely to the Penny Magazine and the Penny Cyclopeedia. In 1837 Craik became editor of the Pictorial His- tory of England, some of the most valuable cha])ters of which were written by himself, and afterwards enlarged and republished separately as independent works. Such are his sketches of the History of Literature and Learning in Eng- land from the Xorman Conquest to the Present Time (1844-45), and his History of British Com- merce (1844). In 1845 he published Spenser and His Poetry, and in 1846-47 Bacon and His Writ- ings. In 1840 Craik was appointed to the chair of history and English literature in Queen's Col- lege, Belfast, a situation which he occupied till his death. In 1848-50 appeared his Romance of the Peerage; in 1851 his Outlines of the His- tory of the English Langnage, which has passed through various editions; and in 1856 his essays on The English of Shakespeare, which passed through several editions. He possessed an ener- getic mind, his thinking was clear, and he was careful in his statement of facts. CRAIK, James (1731-1814). The favorite physician of George Washington. He was bom in Scotland. He accompanied Washington in the Braddock expedition, and subsequently en- tered the medical service of the Revolutionary Army, and was director of the hospital at York- town. He was active in the disclosure of the plot to remove Washington from command dur- ing the winter at Valley Forge (see Conway,