Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/665

CRICKET. 573 CBICKET. {Ceuthophilus maculatus) common in New Eng- land. The chirping of these insects, which begins in niiilsummer, is produced by rubbing a tile-like ridge of one wing over a scraping surface of the other. Only the males have these organs, and it Indies, it has become popular with the natives. In America, it is played in certain portions of the United States and in the larger cities of Canada. The rules which govern the game all over the world are those made liy the .Marylebono Cricket Club of London, and from time to time REPRESENTATIVE CRICKETS. ' 1. Common black criclceb (Grrllua neglectus). 2. A wingless cricket (,Ceitbopbi!us muculatvs). 3. A tree-criclcet, the email green or' snowy • cricket ((Eciinthus nirem). lemale. i. Same; male. 5. A mole cricket {Gryllotalpa borealis). is generally agreed that the sounds serve either to call or excite the mute females. A certain Sicilian species is said to make a noise audible a mile away. The apparatus and the musical characteristics of the sound have been exhaustive- ly studied by S. H. Scudder, who says that the notes of the black field-cricket are pitched at E natural, two octaves above middle C. The songs of other sorts of crickets vary from this, each in its own way. To this same group belong some curious forms of the tropics in which "the front of the head is produced into a leaf-like projection." Another group are of very diminu- tive size, and resemble minute roaches ; one genus (Myrmecophila) dwells altogether in the nests of ants, both in Europe and in America, our representative being Myrmecophila pergandi. Other species are among the insects inhabiting caves. Consult: Howard and Marlatt, "Principal Household Insects of the United States," in United States Department of Agriculture, Divi- sion of Entomolnfi;/, Bulletin 4, new series (Washington, 1896)". See Ca'E Animals and Stmriosis, and compare Locust ; Katydid ; Mole-Cricket; and Tree-Cricket. CRICKET (probably from OF. criquet, stick used as a marker in the game of bowls). The national game of England is played wherever Englishmen have colonized, and in many of Great Britain's possessions, notably in the West are regulated at meetings of this club. This has always been the custom since the club was founded, about the year 1744. Philadelphia, which is the home of cricket in America, has more clubs than any other place in the United States or Canada, and the four larger clubs, Ger- mantown, Belmont, Merion, and Philadelphia, compete annually for the Halifax Cup. Two other cups are also competed for by some fifteen minor clubs and second elevens from the princi- pal 'clubs. Cricket in Philadelphia is controlled by the Associated Cricket Clubs of Philadelphia, in an organization composed of three delegates from each of the four large clubs. Tliis organi- zation publislies a periodica!, the American Crick- eter, founded in 1877. The Metropolitan Dis- trict Cricket League regulates the matches with- in twenty miles of the City Hall in New York, and there is also a New York Cricket Association, M'hich has assumed more importance of late years. The other organizations in the United States are the California Cricket Association, the Northwestern Cricket Association, with head- quarters in Chicago, and the Massachusetts Cricket Association. International matches are played annually between the United States and Canada, and on three occasions teams from Philadelphia have visited England, while in 1000 a team was sent from Haverford College to play a series of matches against English colleges and