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CTJLDEES. 655 CULLEN. luniban niodel, wore really villarrfs. on Saint Serf's Islaiul. Loch Leven, at Saint Andrews, Monymusk, Abcriiethy, and at ilonifcith. near Dundee, are matters o{ record. Their abhots were often la3'men. The mystery about their origin and fate gave rise to the idea that they were particularly holy, and that they retained the primitive Christian faith. So claimed Hec- tor Bocce in his Latin history of Scotland (Paris, 151C). as many, especially ardent Presl)ylerians, have done since. But the facts were established bv V. Reeves, The Ciilrlces of the Uritish Isles (Dublin, 18fi4). and V. Kene, Celtic Scotland (.3 vols.. Kdinburgh, 1870-80). CTJLENBOBG. See Kuilenburg. CTJ'LEX (Lat., gnat). A short pastoral and mock-heroic poem of 414 hexameter lines, at- tributed to Vergil. A sleeping goatherd is awak- ened by the sting of a gnat, and kills the insect, but finds that it has saved his life by rousing him in time to escape from an approaching serpent. The gnat's shade appears to him in the night, and reproaches him for its death; whereupon the goatherd builds a tomb for it and celebrates the usual funeral rites. CtTLIACAN, koo'lya-kiln'. The capital of the State of Sinaloa, Jlexico, on the Culiaean River, 50 miles from the Pacific coast (Map: Mexico, E 5). It is situated in a broad valley, and contains several plazas, those of Rosales and La Constitucion being notable, an ancient cathe- dral, a seminary, and a mint. It is an episcopal see. The city has some manufactures, principal- ly of textiles, and a large tobacco warehouse. Culiaean was founded in 1500, with the name San Jliguel. Population, in 1895, 14,205. CTJLICID.iE, ku-lis'i-de (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. ciilex, gnat). A family of tipuloid Diptera, the mosquitoes, having long and slender wings, the veins and body bearing flattened scales. See Mosquito. CTJLILAWAN BARK. The bark of a mo- lucca-tree. Cinunmomuin ctililaican, used like cinnamon (q.v.). CTTIilN, Stewart (1858—). An American anthropologist, born in Philadelphia, a descend- ant of Johan van Culin, one of the earliest Swed- ish settlers on the Delaware. He was educated at a Friends' school, and afterwards at Nazareth Hall. Leaving this school at the age of seven- teen, he engaged in business, but soon developed a deep interest in scientific matters, and, through contact with Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, was led to take up original work in anthropology. In 1883 he was elected secretary of the Xumismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, and began a study of the Chinese in America, resulting in a series of papers on Chinese games. In 1889 he became secretary of the Arehoeological Associa- tion of the University of Pennsylvania, and a curator in the Museum of Areh.Tology : and in 1802 he was appointed director of the museum. In this capacity he represented the University of Pennsylvania at the Columbian Historical Exposition in ^Madrid, where he was at the same time secretary of the Ignited States Commission. In 1888 he organized the Oriental Club in Phila- delphia, of which he became secretary; in 1890 he was elected a fellow in the American Asso- ciation for the .Advancement of Science. He was president of the .American Folklore Society in 1897, and was elected to the vice-presidency of anthropology' in the American Association in 1901. In addition to many minor publications, he is autlior of: Chess and fhu/iiiii Cards (1890); Korean Games (1890); and an elabo- rate memoir on "(James of the American Abo- rigines," incorporated in the Twenty-third Ucport of the Hnrean of American Ethnoloyy. CTJL'LEN, Pail (1803-78). An Irish prel- ate. He was educated in Rome, where he became rector of the Irish College, and in 1848 of the Propaganda College. During the Revolution of that year he saved the college iiropcrty by ap- pealing to the American Minister. He became Archbishop of Armagli and Primate of Ireland in 1849, and Archbisho]) of Dublin in 1852. He was a man of great executive ability, piety, and zeal in the restoration and erection of churches, reformatories, and hospitals. He assisted O'Con- nell, opposed the Fenians, forbade the clergy to take active part in politics, and advocated at the Vatican Council the definition of Papal infallibility. He was the main snjiportcr of the Catholic University at Dublin, and in 1806 was made a cardinal, being the first Irislnnan to re- ceive that dignity since the Reformation. CULLEN, William (1710-90). A Scotch physician, one of the most celebrated professors of medicine in the universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. He was born at Hamilton, Scot- land, his father being factor to the Duke of Hamilton. He acquired his medical education between 1727 and 1730, under great difficulties, but fortunately secured the aid of John Paisley, a surgeon apothecary, and Monro the Elder. In 1730 he began to practice his profession in his native town, and was rapidly .successful. One of his pupils was William Hunter (q.v.). In 1740 he received the degree of M.D. from Glas- gow University. In 1744 he removed to Glas- gow; in 1740 he began to lecture on the theory and practice of physic, on botany and the ma- teria medica, and finally on chenustry, in Glas- gow University. In botany Cullen seems to have lectured in Latin, but m the other dejjart- meuts he adopted the English language as the vehicle of expression, an innovation of gi-eat importance, which permitted him to adopt a more familiar style of lecturing than had hither- to been in use. One of his original hearers re- cords that "in the physic class Dr. Cullen never read lectures, but only used notes : in the chem- istry he sometimes read, but very seldom." In 1757 he became full professor of chcmistrj', while continuing to teach clinical medicine in the Royal Infirmary, a duty up to this period performed by Dr. Rutherford only, the professor of medicine and botany. In 1700 he undertook also the lectures on materia medica. In 17fi(> Cullen was placed in the chair of institutes of medicine, vacant by the death of Dr. Whytt ; and Black, the greatest chemical discoverer of the time, took Cullen's place as professor of chem- istry. In 1773 Cullen was transferred to the chair of the practice of physic. His most important works are the First Lines of the Practice of Phi/sic (1777), in which he sets forth his system of nosology founded on his theories of nerve influence, and which was translated into many languages: fli/nopsis A'o- soJofiiw Methodicir (1785) : Iiistitntions of Medi- cine n787) ; .1 Treatise of the Materia Medica (17891. His writings have been collected in two volumes by Dr. John Thomson (Edinburgh,