Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/792

CUSHMAN. 684 OUST. She liad, however, a fine contralto voice, which she cultivated, and in 1835 she made her ap- pearance as an opera singer in the Marriage of i'it/aro. Her prospects were bright, when short- ly afterwards in Kew Orleans her voice suddenly failed. She was greatly disheartened, but at the request of a tragedian (Mr. Barton), she undertook her first dramatic part. Lady ilacbeth, which became one of her greatest rules. Long afterwards Lawrence Barrett said of her: "To the last she was the greatest Lady ilacbeth of her age." She plajed for a time in Albany and else^^■here, and then began at the Park Theatre, Kew York, an engagement which lasted for .sev- eral years. She took a great variety of parts, both comedy and tragedy-, among them Bianca, Helen McC4regor, Queen Gertrude, Goneril, Nancy Sikes, her wonderful Jleg ^Merrilies, and later, Queen Katliarine, Cardinal Wolsey, Oiiholia, Lad}' Teazle, and many others. In 1844, after a period of successful management in Philadel- phia and a tour with jMaeready, whom she had supported before, she went to England. She met with great success; while there she and her sister Susan made their first appearance in Romeo and Juliet, which had, for that period, an exceptionally long run in London. She returned to America in 1849, but revisited Europe several times. In 1850 she went to liome, where she had a home for some years. She was honored in the most cultivated society of Europe and America, not only as a great artist, but as a good woman. During the Civil War she showed her patriotic spirit by giving performances for the benefit of the Sani- tary Commission, contributing in this way over $8000. In lier later years she was known as a reader, with singular interpretative powers. Her last appearance on the New York stage, Novem- ber 7, 1S74, was a memorable occasion. She played Lady Macbeth. Vhen the curtain fell, a body of eminent citizens, with William Cullen Brj'ant as spokesman, came upon the stage and presented the actress with a laurel crown, in- scribed C. C. — Palinam qui meruit ferat. Char- lotte Cushman never married. She died in Bos- ton, Februaiy IS, 1876. In 1880 her grave in JMount Auburn was marked by an obelisk which in form is a copy of Cleopatra's Needle as it stood in Heliopoiis. Consult: Stebbins, Char- lotte CusliDKiv: Her Letters and Memories of Ber Life (Boston, 1878); Clement, Charlotte Cushman (Boston, 1882) ; and Cook, Hours icith the Players (London, 1881). CTJSHMAN, Robert (e.1580-1625). One of the founders of the colony at Plymouth, Mass. He was born in Kent, and arranged the emigra- tion of the Pilgrims to Holland, later following them to Leyden. He accompanied Deacon CaiTcr upon his fruitless mission to London (IC17); assisted Brewster in obtaining a patent from the King (1619); and. together "with Carver, char- tered the Mayflotcer. He emigrated to New Eng- land with his son Tliomas in 1621, and leaving him there in the care of Governor Bradford, re- turned to Europe three weeks later to act as the agent of the colonists in London. The cele- brated sermon on "Sin and the Danger of Self- Love," delivered by him before his departure, is memorable as being the first published discourse delivered at Plymouth, and is the oldest sermon extant delivered in America. It was printed in London in 1622, and in Boston in 1724 and 1780. The strip of territoiy on Cape Ann secured by hira and Edward 'inslow in 1623 afterwards became the site of the first successful settlement established within the boundaries of the Massa- chusetts Bay Colony. Si.xty facsimile copies of his famous sermon were published in 1870. CUSINS, kuz'inz. Sir William George (1835- 93). An English composer, born in London. He sang in the Uojal Chapel at the age of ten. Soon afterwards he was sent to study under I'V'tis in Brussels, and upon his return obtainetl the King's scholarship at the Eoyal Academy of Music. At the age of sixteen he was appointed organist to the Queen's Private Cliapel, and in 1867 he succeeded Sterndale Bennett as con- ductor of the Philharmonic Society, which posi- tion he retained until 1883. In 1875 he became e.amining professor at Queen's College, and in 1876 joint examining professor of scholarships at the National Training School of Music, la recognition of his services in behalf of art, he was knighted in 1892. The few but highly meri- torious compositions which He wrote include: lloijal WeJdiny Serenata (1863); (lidcon, an oratorio (Gloucester Festival, 1871); Masonic, Prayers Set to Music; Responses to the Com- mandments (sung in Queen Victoria's Private Chapel) ; pianoforte concerto in A minor (per- formed by Arabella Goddard with success in Rome, Liverpool, New Y'ork, and London) ; Te Deum, a cantata; several songs, and a violia concerto. CXJ'SIS. The imaginary land of the single- footed race in Mandeville's Travels. CTJSK. A fish of the cod family {Brosmius lirosmc), frequenting rocky ledges in the Nortk Atlantic, especially off the shores of Scandinavia, and Newfoundland. It has much the same habits and characteristics as the cod, and is more ex- tensively used in northern Europe tluin in America, where it has never found favor in market. CUSP (from Lat. cuspis, point, spear). In architecture, the point formed by the meeting of two small arches, or foils, in foil arches (q.v.) or tracery. Cusps often end in rich bosses of flowers and leaves. It is a specialty of the Gothic style, though not unlcnown, in its simplest form, to Romanesque. CTJSSET, kys'sa'. The capital of a canton in, the Department of Allier, France, at the conflu- ence of the Sichon and Jolan, tril)utaries of the Allier, two miles northeast of Vichy. It is an an- cient town, dating from a convent founded in 886, which was created an abbey in the thirteenth century. It has interesting fifteenth and six- teenth century houses, and the Grosse Tour is a relic of the mediseval fortifications, now replaced by boulevards, which siirrounded the town. It is noted for its mineral springs, and has linen, paper, and basket manufactures. Population, in 1901, 6598. OUST, Robert Needham (1821 — ). An Eng- lish Orientalist. He was born at Cockayne, Hat- ley, Bedfordshire: educated at Eton, and, enter- ing the East Indian service, took honors in the College of Fort William, Calcutta, for skill in four Oriental languages. For many years he sensed with the military in various parts of India : took part in several battles, and was present at the taking of Lahore in 1846. He also took an active part in the Punjab War of 1848-