Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/804

CUTTING. 696 CUTTYHUNK. Some coneeption of the importance of this means of increasing plants can be gathered from the fact that, except for the production of new varieties, all commercial varieties of grapes, currants, and gooseberries are increased in this way, while among (lowering and ornamental bed- ding plants, millions are annually* produced by one or another of these methods in the United States alone. Sugar-cane and pineapjiles are extensively perpetuated by tliis process. The parts used in making cuttings are numer- ous, but the methods resorted to are as varied as interesting. Some plants root readily from cuttings placed in the open ground; others re- quire special treatment before they will 'strike' root, while still others require most careful nursing in the greenhouse and even under a bell- jar to induce them to take root. Special devices, carrying a variety of soils, and capable of main- taining a given degree of heat and moisture, have been constructed, in order to facilitate the work of propagating plants by this means. Consult: Bailey, The ^nrsery Book (Xew York, 1890); article on "Cuttings," in Cyclopedia of American Horticulture (Xew York, 1900). CUT'TLE, Captain. A rough-looking, good- hearted, retired merchant-captain in Dickens's novel Dombey and <S'o)i. He had a hook in place of a right hand, with which he did eveiwthing, from frying sausages to wiping his forehead when e.xcited. He was an intimate friend of Sol Gills and his nephew Walter, and took care of Florence Dombey when she was driven to leave her father's house. His favorite expression, "When found, make a note of," was adopted as the motto of .Yo/es and Queries. CUTT-LEFISH (cuttle, AS. cudele : connected by popular etymology with cuttle, knife (on ac- count of the knife-like cuttle-bone ) -f fish ) . A ■P/i n FOSSIL CUTTLEFISH (BELEMXITES). 1. K beleinnite {Paebytentbis acutus) from the Lower Lias, Eugland. 2. A bek-mnite illelemnoteutbis antiqua) from the O.xtord Clay, England, partly restored; b. arms; oc. eyes; /n. ninuth; d. ink-bag: Ph. phragmacone; i?, guard. 3. Restoration of a heleninite's shell: Po, proos- tracum; PA, phragmacone, i?, guard. .See Belemnite. popular name of certain cephalopods, originally applied to a ealamary (Hejiia officinalis), but now generally restricted, in the United States at least, to octopods. (See Octopods.) The Euro- pean cuttlefish (Sepia) furnishes cuttlefish-bone- and sepia, which are of commercial importance. Tlie former is the calcareous "pen" or brace which lies along the 'back' of the creature beneath the skin: and the sepia is the substance in its 'ink- bag,' by throwing out which it beclouds the water and eludes pursuit. FORMS OP 'PEXS' OF CXTTLEFISH. 1. Common North Atlantic Squid iLohgo Pealei). 2. His- tioteuthis Collinsi. 3. Sthenoteuthis ptHr(.)pue: ant^riorend of pen, whose posterior end is spatulate. 4. Chiroteuthis lacertosa; ventral view. 5. Moroteuthis robusta: sidt? view. 6. The same: ventral view. 7. Desmoteuthis h.vper- borea. 8. Lestoteuthis Fabricii. 9. Ommastrephes illece- brosus. Fossil cuttlefish-bones of Sepia, scarcely dif- ferent from the modern species, are found in various Tertiary deposits. In the Triassic, Ju- rassic, and Cretaceous rocks are other forms of sepioid shells that are not calcified, but are thin, elongated, and horny, often containing fossilized ink-bags and hardened ink, which maj' still be ])repared and used for drawing. Sepia and its allies are supposed to have evolved from Belem- nite-like forms through such intermediate stages as the genus Belosepia of the Tertiary. See Cephalopoda; Squid: and Colored Plate of Octo- rouA .ND Decapoda in article Dec.pods. CXTTTS, Edward Lewes. An English clergy- man. He graduated at Queen's College, Cam- bridge, was ordained in 1848 to the ministry of the Established Church, and between 1848 and 1859 was curate successively of Ide Hill (Kent), Coggeshall (Essex), and Kelvedon (Essex). From 1859 to 1805 lie was curate of Billericay (Essex), and in 1871 was appointed vicar of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Haverstock-hill. London. S.W. In 1805-71 he was secretary of the Additional Curates Society. CXTT'TYHUNK. The most southerly island in Buzzard's Bay, !Mass., on which the first settlement of white men in any part of New England was made. Sailing from Falmouth, England. March '25. 1002, Bartholomew Gosnold, in the ship Concord, with "32 persons, whereof 8 were mariners and sailors, 12 proposing upon the discovery to return with the ship for