Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/907

DARBHANGA. 787 DARDANELLES. a good water-supply lioin extensive tanks. A considerable trade is carried on in the agricul- tural and mineral produels of the region. Popu- lation, in 1891, 73,000; in 1901, 06,000. D'ARBLAY, diir'bla', Frances Burxey (1752- 1840). An English novelist. She was a daugh- ter of Charles Burney, a musician, and was born at King's Lynn, June 13, 1752. Eight years later the Burneys removed to London. At the famous musical assemblies given by her father. Miss Burney saw, from the outside, fashionable life, and this she depicted with spirit and humor in her first novel, Evelina (1778). No novel since Vlarissa Harlowe attracted more notice. It was read by Burke, Reynolds, and Johnson, and lav- ishly jjraised. This brilliant success was fol- lowed by Cecilia (1782), which, though not so fresh as Evelina, and a little heavy, had a large sale. In 1786 Miss Burney wius appointed second keeper of the robes to Queen Charlotte. Disliking the service, she resigned her position live years later. While visiting her sister at !Mickleham, she became acquainted with a French refugee. General d'Arblay, whom she married in 1793. The rest of her life was passed partly in England and partly in France. She published two other novels, Camilla (1796) and The Wan- derer (1814), neither of which is readable. A play of hers, Edwy and Elvina, was performed in 1795, and was unsuccessful, though Mrs. Sid- dons and Kenible took the leading parts. She also published memoirs of her father (1832), written in an affected style resembling her last novels. She died January 6, 1840. In 1842-46 appeared her interesting Letters and Diaries, a section of which seems to have been used by Thackeray for his Waterloo scene in Vanity Fair. Miss Burney's first two novels mark the begin- ning of the novel of domestic life, and prepared the way for ilaria Edge'orth and .Jane Austen. Consult Macaulay, Essays. DARBOUX, diir'boo', .Jean Gaston (1842 — ) . A French geometrician, born at Nimes. He studied at the Ecole Normale, was appointed senior professor of geometry in the faculty of sciences there, and in 1887 became dean of that faculty. His Memoire stir les solutions singu- lieres des equations aux dih-ivees parlielles was ir. 1876 awarded the mathematical grand prize by the Academy of Sciences. His works include Sur les theoremes d'lvory relatifs aux surfaces homofocales du seco^id degre (1872): Memoire sur I'fquilibre astatique (1877) : and Lemons sur la theorie g^nerale des surfaces et les applications geometriques du calcul infinitesimal (1887). DARBOY, dar'bwa', Georges (1813-71). An ill-fated French prelate, Archbishop of Paris. He was educated at the Seminary of Langres and became professor there in 1840, having been ordained priest in 1836. Preceded by his repu- tation as translator of Dionysius the Areopagite, he went to Paris in 1845. became almoner of the College Henri IV. in the following year and titular viear of Paris in 1855. He was in high favor at the Court of Napoleon III., was made Bishop of Nancy in 1850. Archbishop of Paris in 1863, and afterwards grand almoner to the Emperor, and Senator. A strenuous upholder of episcopal independence, he stoutly opposed the declaration of the dogma of Papal infallibility at the Vatican Council. When it was declared, he silently submitted, yet in his diocese continued to disregard Papal interferenc-e. Decidedly at variance with the Jesuits, he incurred the dis- pleasure of Pius IX., who persistently declined to confer upon him a cardinal's hat. During the siege of Paris in 1870-71 he was indefatigable in his care for the sick and wounded soldiers and in works of benevolence, and could not be induced to leave his post or to seek safety in (light dur- ing the brief and terrible triumph of the Com- mune. He was seized as a hostage by the Com- munists, and while the combat raged in the streets of Paris after the entry of the Versailles troops, he was shot in the court of La Roquette Prison, several of his priests and many others sharing his fate. Among his writings are worthy of mention: ^ainl Thomas lieckft, sa vie et ses lettri"i (1800); I.es frmmes de la Bible (8th ed. 1876) ; Les saintes femmes (4th ed. 1877 ) . For his biography, consult Foulon (Paris, 1889). DAR'BY, John Nelson. See Plymouth Brethren. DARBY AND JO'AN. The hero and heroine of an eighteenth-century ballad which first ap- peared in the Gentleman's Magazine, MuTeh, 1735, under the title The Joys of Love yever Forgot : A tSong. Its author was Henry Woodfall, a London printer. In his youth W oodfall had been apprenticed to the printer .John Darby, of Bar- tholomew Close ; and he took Darby and his wife as the subject of this popular song. D ARC EL, diir'sel', Alfred (1818—). A French archajologist, born in Rouen. In 1871 he was made director of the MusOe Cluny. His works include many articles in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts on MediiEval and Renaissance art and architecture. Among his publications are: Votice des faiences italiennes ( 1869) ; Les manu- factures nationales de tapisserie (1884); Cata- logue de Vexposition retrospective de I'art fran^ais au Trocadero (1889). DARCET, d.-ir'sa'. Jean (l/'25-1801). A French chemist, director of the porcelain works at Sevres. He was one of the first to manufac- ture porcelain in France. He devoted himself chiefly to applied chemistry and made valuable contributions to that science. In 1774 he was ap- pointed professor of chemistry in the CoU&ge de France, and in 1795 he became a member of the Institute. DARCET, Jean Pierre .Joseph (1777-1844). A French industrial chemist, son of .Jean Darcet. He introduced important improvements in the manufacture of soap, soda, alum, sulphuric acid, etc., and contributed a number of important papers to tlie Annales de chimie et de physique. DARDANELLES, diir'da-nelz' (named after the Greek city Ddrdiinns. on the eastern side; the ancient Hellespont). A narrow channel sepa- rating southeast Europe from southwest .sia, and uniting the Sea of Marmora with the .Egcan Sea ( Map : Turkey in Europe, F 4 ) . It extends from northeast to southwest, between latitudes 40° and 40° 30' N., and longitudes 26° 10' and 26° 40' E., having a length of about 42.3 miles and a breadth varying from 1 to 4 miles. The average depth of the channel is 180 feet. From the Sea of ^Iarni<na ii strong current runs through the strait to the Grecian Archipelago, except in the j)resence of a strong southwest wind, but there is an undercurrent in the op- posite direction.