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EDGEHILL. 644 EDHEM PASHA. ■the more formidable train of artillery. He be- gan tlic liylit b_v tiring' upon the Royalists, who immediateiy replied with their cannon. The Koyalists descended the hill, and Prince Kupert, who led flic right winj;. eharj;ed with his cavalry the left wing of the Parliamentarians, broke it, and pursued it to Keinton. where his men. re- gardless of the main army, busied themselves in plunder. Tliis was the fatal movement of the day. The riglit wing of the Parliamentarians had charged and recharged with the greatest suc- cess, until, after some stubborn lighting around the royal standard, the Royalists broke and re- treated toward the hill. Disastrous to both armies, the result of the battle was indecisive. Over four thousand men were slain at the foot of Edgehill. and of these the greater number were Itoyalists. EDGE'WORTH, Mari. (1767-1S49). An English novelist, the daughter of Richard Lovell Edgeworth. of Edgewortlistown. Longford. Ire- land. 8lie was born at Black Bourton. Oxford- shire. Jn 1782 her father returned to* Ireland, accompanied by his family, to whose education he earnestly tlevoted himself. Maria's talents quickly developed. Her first important literary effort, written in conjunction with her father, was entitled Practical Education (1798). In 1802 appeared the delightful Essay on Irish Bulls, which was also in part the work of Jlr. Edgeworth. But it was in the sphere of fiction that iliss Edgeworth won her greatest triumphs. In ISOO she published Castle h'acK-roit. the first of an extensive series of novels characterized in general by a quiet, agreeable humor, excellent sense, and lively delineation of character and manners. In 1801 appeared Belinda; in 1804, Popular Tales: in ISOO, Leonora; and from 1809 to 1812 Talcs of Fashioyiable Life. Among the most successful of her Tales of Fashionable Life were "Ennui" and "The Absentee." Miss Edge- worth's stories for children, among which are "Harry and Lucy," "Rosamond and Frank." are deserving of high praise. Her Stories of Ire- land roused much interest, and Scott attril)uted Warerleii to a desire to do for Scotland what she was doing for Ireland. Consult: New Long- ford edition of Talcs and Noiwls ( 10 vols., Lon- don. 1893) : Thackeray-Ritehie, Bool.- of Sibyls (London. ISS.S) : J/oHoii-, edited bv Hare (ib., 1S<M) ; and Life, by H. Zimmern (ib.. 1883). EDGEWORTH, RionARDLoxTSLL (1744-1817). An English author. He was born at Bath; was educated at Trinity College. Dublin, and Corpus Christi, Oxford, and began the study of law, but gave it up and settled upon the family estates at Edgeworthsto.vn. County Longford, Ireland. Edgeworth's friendship for Dr. Eras- mus Darwin inspired in him a love for science, and much of his writing was upon scientific sub- jects. To his closest friend, Thomas Day, he is said to have suggested the writing of t^andford and Mcrton. He Avas a member of the last Irish Parliament, and. disregarding personal considerations, voted against the proposition of a union with England. Among his separate works are: Letter to Lord CharlenionI on the Tcllortraph and on the Defenur of Ireland (1797) : Practical Education (1798) ; Poetni Ex- plained for Young People (1802); Professional Education (1808)"; Readings i}i Poctri/ (ISlli); and Essay on Construction of Roads and Rail- vays (1817). Consult .I/emoirs by himself and his daujjhter, Maria ( L(mdon. 1820. 1844). EDGEWORTH DE FIR'MONT (properly JiutiEWoHTii) . llEMiV LssE.K (1745-1807). An Irish clergyman, confessor to Louis XVI. of France. He was born at Edgewortlistown (County Longford), was educated by the Jesuits at Toulouse, France, was trained for the Roman Catholic priesthood in Paris, and upon his or- dination assumed the additional name of De Firmont. Having worked among the Irish and English in Paris, he was in 1791 appointed con- fessor to Madame Elizal>cth. who reconunended him to the King. After the condenniation of the King by the Convention on .January 20. 1793, he was summoned to the Temple, through Garat, Minister of .lustiee. Between five and six o'clock on the morning of the execution (.January 21) he celebrated the mass and later he rode with the King to the scaffold. He escaped to England, which lie reached in 1790. and where he was offered by Pitt a pension which he then declined, but in ISOO accepted. He followed Louis XVlll. to Blankenberg and later to Mittau, where he died of a fever contracted while attending French prisoners. His epitaph was written bv Louis XVIII. EDGREN, ed'grcn. Anne CnAULOTTE Lef- FLER (1849-92). A Swedish realistic novelist and dramatist, born in Stockholm. She was twice married, first to ilunicipal Secretarv G. Edgren ( 1872-89) , then ( 1890-92) to the Italian Duke of Cajanello. Her short stories, collected under the titles By Chance (1809), From Life (1882-83)..! Summer Story ( 1886) , IVohkih oiid Love (1890), and her dramas. The Actress (1873). The Curate (1870). The Fairy (1880), Ideal Tl'onicii (1883). The Struggle for Happi- ness (1887), and, most popular of all, A licseu- ing Angel, are the most noteworthy and charac- teristic of her manv works. There is a Life of Edgren by Ellen Key (1893). EDHEM PASHA, ed'hem pd-sha' (c.1813-93) . A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Creek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engi- neering, and made a special study of mining. Returning to Turkey in 1839, he was made a captain in the army and was assigned to duty in the topographical corps. He became an aide on the staff of the Sultan Abdul-Medjid in 1849, and rose rapidly to the jiosition of general of a division and chief of the Sultan's military house- hold. In 18.^4 he l)egan his diplomatic career in a special mission to Servia. In 18.50. incurring the displeasure of the Sultan, he was removed from his ollicial position, but shortly afterwards was restored to jiower and appointed Minister of For- eign .ffairs. Under Abdul Aziz he held various positions of importance. In 1870 he was ambas- sador at Berlin, and one of the representatives of the Porte at the international conference in Constantinople. Earlv in 1877 he was made Grand Vizier. From 1879 to 1883 he was am- bassador at Vienna. EDHEM PASHA (18.^)1 — ). A Turkish sol- dier. By 1877 he had attained a colonel's com- mission, iind during the siege of Plevna, in the war with Russia, was acting brigade cummander. His bravery attracted the favorable attention of the Porte, and his subsequent rise was rapid, lie was appointed Governor-General of the Vila-