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FABER. 409 FABIAN SOCIETY. ,S'<i<7r</ < 'Hirudin- of 1'nipln c/i (1828) ; The 1'rimi- Doctrine o) Election (1830); The Primitive Doctrine "/ Justification (1837); and Eight Dis sertations upon the Prophetical Promises of a Mighty Deliverer (1845). In several of bis works la' ventured i" prophesy the downfall of the lurks and the rise of Napoleonism, aud to discourse upon the origin of idolatry. Consult the memoir by F. A. Faber in G-. S. Faber's posthumous Many Mansions in the House o/ father (1854). FABER, fa 'bar', or Farm, Jacques Lefevkk D'ESTAPLES, Lat. Jacobus Stapi i.e.vsis (e. 1450- c.1536). A French Roman Catholic, one of the first scholars and exegetes of his time. He was born at Estaples (Etaples), near Boulogne, about 1450. He studied at the University of Paris, and became professor in the College of Cardinal Le- moine. He traveled widely, and is said to have visited Asia and Africa. When his former pupil, William Briconnet, became Abbot of the Parisian Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pres in 1507, he secured for Faber a home there, which he retained till 1520. Then he became director of the leper hospital at Meaux. His works were obnoxious to some of the Church authorities, but he was safe from molestation undeT the King's authority till Francis 1. was taken prisoner at Pavia in 1525. Faber was then formally con- demned, and his works were suppressed. He fled to Blois and to Guienne, or, according to some accounts, to Strassburg. On the return of Francis such proceedings were stopped, and he was made tutor of the King's children and Royal Librarian at Blois. When the Princess Margaret became Queen of Navarre she received Faber in her city of Nerac, and there he passed his old age in quiet. He died there in 1536. Among Faber's works were the Physics, Metaphysics, and Ethics of Aristotle, and a psalter in five languages. In 1512 he issued a translation into French of the Epistles of Saint Paul, in 1523 of the whole New Testament, in 1528 of the Penta- teuch, and in 1530 of the entire Bible. These translations were from the Vulgate, with refer- ence, however, to the originals, and corrections where Faber deemed them necessary. He also added short notes and comments. Faber's work lias been the basis of all subsequent French versions. For his life, consult De Labatier Plan- tin (Montauban, 1870), and Prossdij (Leyden, 1900). FABER, faTier, Johann Lothab (1817-96). A German manufacturer. He was the proprietor of a small lead-pencil manufactory at Stein (Ba- varia), which he enlarged to international pro- portions. He established offices in Berlin, Paris, London, and New York, and additional manu- factories at Geroldsgrun (Upper Franeonia, Ba- varia). Noisy-le-Sec, near Paris, and New York (with cedar yard and mills at Cedar Keys, Fla.). To the manufacturing of lead-pencils he added that of all sorts of writing, drawing, and painting materials. He received a patent of nobility and an appointment as counselor of State for his ser- vices to German industry. FA'BER, or FABRI, fa'bre, Johannes ( 1478- 1541). A Roman Catholic bishop, called the 'Hammer of Heretics.' His family name was Hei- gerlin, which he changed to Faber. He was horn at Leutkirch, near Lake Constance, in 1478. lb- studied theologv and canon law in Tubingen and Freiburg in Breisgau, and becami doctor in • law. After parochial and appointed in 1518 icai I '• di ral ol i be I ; oi i 'onstanee. He ei tip of b men as LSrasmu . Melanehthon, and Zwingli, and seemed likely to i ith I tern fully. Bui h ben i be breach « ii b the < lurch becami too wide, be chose the side oi the latti i and in 1522 issued a work against Luther, and ever after- ward i was one of I he mo I indi i. I igable, leai and formidable opponents oi thi mo< enl His epithet comes from bis wort . . , , Lutheranam (Cologne, L524), but LI is only one of many such writings. ,. | in Zurich (Januar and the Di Nuremberg (1523), Speier i 1529), and Augsburg (1530), he bore a hading part and won general applause. In 1531 hi Bishop of Vienna, and in this exposed position the Turks gave him as much to do as the Reformers. He died at. Baden, near Vienna, May 21, 1541. His collected works, so called, but really only the homiletical, appeared in Cologne (3 vols., 1537 41). The polemical works, Opuscula Quad J. Fabri Viennensis (Leipzig, 1537), are n valuable. There is no complete biography of him. A. Horawitz, in his Johannes Beigerlin ge- nannt Faber, Bishof von Wit ' Regens- burger Convent (Vienna, 1SS4), traced his life to 1524 only. FABER, John (the elder) (c.1660-1721) . An English draughtsman and mezzotint engraver. He was born at The Hague, » Eng- land between 1687 and 1698. He was espei ; illy celebrated for the small pen portrait i n 'iura which he drew from life. One of tbf fines! p x- nmples of this kind is the portrait of Simon Episcopius in the British Museum, in 1712 Faber was employed at Oxford and at Cai ibridge to engrave a set of. forty-five portraits represent- ing the founders of the colleges. Other portraits engraved by him from life are those of Pdshop Atterbury, Count Bothmer, John Caspar, Dr. Saeheverell, and Bishop Hough. FABER, John (e.1695-1756). An English mezzotint engraver. He studied at Vanderbank's Academy, London. His work consist? largely of portraits, of which four hundred and more have been preserved. These include plates oi Ignatius Loyola (after Titian), Charles II. (after Lely), Carreras (after Sir Godfrey Kneller), and a series, "The Members of the Kit-Cat Club" (also after Kneller). Among the engravings of his which are not portraits are "Saint. Peter" I after Vandyck), and "The Taking of Namur" (after W.yck). His works exhibit a high degree of ex- cellence, and, when arranged chronologically, a constant improvement in technique. They repre- sent admirably the English manner of portrait- ure charactei.stic of the period immediately fol- lowing Kneller. FA'BIAN. Bishop of Rome (236-50) . as such reckoned among the popes. He fell as one of the first martyrs in the Deeian persecution after an efficient pontificate. FABIAN GENS. See Fabius. FABIAN SOCIETY, The. An organization for the advancement of socialism. Thus far it has been the most important socialistic society in England. It started in London, but similar organizations are now found in many other cities.