FAWCETT. 490 FAY. seat, on Liberal principles, Southwark, in 1857; the borough of Cambridge, in 1862 ; and Brigh- ton, in February, 1804: but be was returned for the last-named constituency in 1805, and was re- elected in 1808. He was unseated at Brighton at the general election of February. 1874, and was elected for Hackney in April of the same ar. In 1880 he became Postmaster-General, and conducted the affairs of his office with great i and energy. He published, besides his manu- al, Pauperism: Its Causes and Remedies (1871), Speeches on Some Current Political Questions (1873). and Free Trade and Protection i 1878), etc. In his economic writings Professor Fawcett was an uncompromising advocate of free trade and the individualistic economic doctrines with which that policy is associated; in politics he was a Liberal. Consult Leslie Stephen, Life of Henry Fawcett (London, 1885). FAWCETT, Millicext Garrett (1847—). An English writer, born at Suffolk. In 1867 she married Prof. Henry Fawcett, the political econo- mist, and soon afterwards began to take an inter- est in the woman's suffrage movement. She has published, among other books: Political Econ-
- amy for Beginners (1870); Tales in Political
Economy (1S74); Janet Doncaster, a novel (1875) ; and a Life of Her Majesty, Queen Vic- toria (1S95). A volume entitled Essays and Lec- tures (1872) was brought out jointly by Mr. and Mrs. Fawcett. FAWKES, faks, Guv. or Guroo I 1570-1606). An English conspirator. The son of Edward Fawkes, a Protestant ecclesiastical proctor and notary, he was born in York. Under a step- father's influence he became a Roman Catholic, and after coming into possession and disposing of his father's rroperty, he enlisted as a soldier of fortune in the Spanish Army, serving in Flanders. He returned to England on the acces- sion of James I. (James VI. of Scotland), and became associated with Catesby and other con- spirators, who hoped to restore Roman Catholi- cism by blowing up the King, hi- Ministers, Lords, and Commons, at the assembling of the Houses of Parliament on November 5, 1605. Fawkes was chosen to be the chief agent in the deed, and when he was arrested all arrangements had been made for applying the fuse to the train lead- ing to barrels of gunpowder which had been stored in a cellar of the Houses of Parliament. Though he at first refused to divulge the i les of his companions, he finally succumbed to torture, con- fessed, and was hanged and quartered, with sev- eral of his accomplices, January 31, L606. Par- liament set apart November 5th forever as a day of thanksgiving. The commemoration of the event, although fast dying out, still prevails, especially in cathedra] towns, where grotesque effigies called 'Guy Fawkes,' or 'Guys,' with high cap and lantern, after being carried in procession through the streets by fantastically garbed and ked attendants, are committed to the flames of huge bonfires. (See Gunpowder Plot.) Con- sult: A True unit Perfect Relation (London 1000). reprinted, with urn materials, as 77m ,'"'» '/■ i Treason | London. 1679 1 ; Howell. Statt Trials; Winwood. Memorials CI vols., London, 1725) ; Tin Fawkes o York m the Sim '•• nth c, ntury i London. [850 I iardinei . ll hat the Gunpowder Plot Was (London, 1897) i Gardi- ner, History of England (London 1893 96) and Hazlitt's articles justifying Fawkes, in the No- vember Examiner (London, 1821). FAWNIA, fa'ni-a. The lady-love of Doras! osj in Robert Greene's Pandosto (ur Dorastus and Fawnia). The character suggested the Perdita of Shakespeare's 11 inter's Tale. FAXWAX, or PAXWAX. The ligament sustaining the weight of the head. See LIGAMENT. FAY, Amy (1844—). An American pianist and author. She was born at Bayou Goula, Miss., and was a pupil of Tausig and Theodor Kullak in Berlin, and of Liszt in Weimar. After wards she became established in Chicago, as a teacher of and lecturer on music. Her book. Music Study in Germany (1881), is widely known. FAY, ft, Axdras (1786-1S64). An Hunga- rian author, born at Kohany, county of Zemplen. He studied philosophy and law at the Protestant College of Sarospatak, was called to the bar. and for a time held an official position at Budapest 111 health, however, soon led him to resign, and he henceforth devoted his life to literary pur- suits and to the cause of national progress. After two volumes of poems appeared a collection of fables, Mesek (1820), which first brought him into prominence. His other writings include a tragedy, A ket Bdthory (The Two Bathorys) ( 1827 ) ; several comedies, the best of which is Regi Penzek (Ancient Coins) ; and the first at- tempt at an Hungarian society novel, .4. Belteky h&z (The House of the Beltekys) (1832). Fay was also a constant contributor to literary and scientific periodicals upon important social ques- tions, and contributed largely to the accomplish- ment of many important reforms, such as the establishment of a national theatre at Budapest, and the introduction of life insurance and of savings-banks into Hungary. Since his death the Budapest savings-banks have est&b lished a fund in his memory, the income of which is awarded each year to the most notable literary production of the year, exclusive of belles-lettres. Kay's collected works are contained in eight vol- umes (Budapest, 1843-44) ; his novels in a more recent edition ( .'! vols., ib.. 1883). For his biog- raphy, consult Badics (Budapest. 18U0i and Erdelyi (ib., 1890). FAY, fa. Charles Alexandre (1827—1. A French general and military writer. He was born at Saint .lean Pied-de-Porf . and was edu- cated at the Military Academy of Saint Cyr. and at the school for the general stall. He was engaged in the topographical work in the Pyrenees, served in Africa, and had his horSS shot under him at the battle of Laghouat (1852). During the Crimean War he was aide-de-camp to Ceneral Bosquet, and fought brilliant l .it the lina. [nkerman, and in several other important battles. Upon the outbreak of i'" 1 Franco-German War, in 1870. he was appoint ed lieutenant colonel on the staff of Marshal Bazaine, and was taken prisoner at the capit- ulation of Met/.. In 1ST! he was ehai I with the organization of the bureau of the gen eral stall' and appointed brigadier general, (hi February 1. 1890, he was appointed commander of the. Eleventh Army Corps, and was retired in 1892. Ilis literal productions include: Sou i. niis de la guerrt >/>■ CrimCe i 1867) ; Etude MJf In guerri d'Allemagni en tS66 (1807): De la
