Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 07.djvu/783

FLAMINGO. 703 between the anserine birds and the spoonbills, ibises, etc. Consult : Newton, Dictionary of Birds (London and New York, 1893-96); Cory, Birds of the Halinmus I Hu-lun. IS80); A. Chapman, Wild Spain (London, 18!i:l) ; F. M. Cha ,„,,., „. Bird Lore, vol. v. | New York, L902). FLAMIN'IAN WAY (Lat. Via Flam in in). The great northern road of ancient Italy, leading from Rome to Ariminum ( liimini) on the Adri atie. It was constructed by (!. Flaminius during liis censorship (b.c. 220), and was designed to secure a free communication with the recently conquered Gallic territory. The Flaminian Way wiis one of the most celebrated and most fre- quented roads of Italy during the period of the Republic and also of the Empire. Leaving Rome by the Porta Plaminia (near the Porta del Popolo), it crossed tin- Tiber at the famous Mil- vian bridge, and ran nearly due north, crossing the river again near Bofghetto, till it reached Narnia (Nartii). At this point the original road continued to the northeast by way of Mevania (Bevagna) to Forum Flaminii. A branch was later built to the east, passing through Inter- amna (Terni) and Spoletium (Spoleto), and meeting the main road at Fulginium (Foligno), south of Forum Flaminii. From this point the road ran north and northeast through the Apen- nines till it reached the Adriatic at Fanum For- tune (Fano), where it followed the coast-line to Ariminum [Rimini), where it ended, or rather where the name ceased; for the Via .Emilia (see -•Emilia* Way) was a continuation of it. The whole length of the road from Rome to Arimi- num was, according to the Jerusalem Itinerary, 222 miles, and according to the Antonine, 210 miles. Remains of this road still exist at various places. FLAM'INI'NUS. A cognomen of an illus- trious branch of the patrician Quinctia gens in ancient Rome, the most famous members of which were: (1) Lucius Quinctius Flamininus ( ?- B.C. 170). Admiral and general, brother of the more renowned Flamininus described below. He was curule aedile in B.C. 200, and praetor in 199. In the war conducted by Titus Flamininus against Philip, King of Macedon, in 198, Lucius com- manded the Roman fleet, with which he sailed around Greece, and, joined by the fleets of Atta- lus. King of Pergamus, and' the Rhodians, laid siege to the city of Eretria, in Euboea, which was defended by a Macedonian garrison. He soon gained possession of all Euboea, and then returned to the west coast of Greece, and laid siege to Cenehreae, the harbor of Corinth ; but Corinth it- self he was unable to capture. (See Mummius.) In 192 Flamininus was consul with L. Domitius Ahenobarbus. At the end of his year he set out for Gaul as proconsul, ravaging the country of the hostile Ligurians and Boii on his way,' and in- flicting crushing defeats. His moral conduct at this period disgraced both the man and the high office that he held; and several years later, in B.C. 184. the censor, M. Porcius Cato, arraigned him be- fore the Senate in a most hitter speech, and ex- pelled him from that bodv. He died in B.C. 170. (2) Titus Quinctius Flamininus (c.230-175 B.C.). Brother of the preceding. He was a states- man and general, and the hero of the wars against Philip and Antiochus. He was quaestor in B.C. 199, and consul in 198. without holding the inter- mediate offices of sedile and praetor. He obtained Macedonia as his field of operations, ami set sail FLAMINIO. from Italy for I with o small army of vet- eran troops. He made Epirui hi i,'. . and ited patiently for an opportunity oi i he i ni, mi and invading Macedonia, u hen, ■ ii lengt ii, l hrough the help oi a n iendly Epiri fl pportunity ci he entered Macedonia and attacked Philip's army in the rear, ma 2000 men, and dri i in the direction of Thessaly. Thessaly nexi wa i ovei i an, and then, makings long detour to the Bouth, he took the towns of Phocis. At the same time, his brother Lucius i see above) . in c land oi the Beet, had induced the Achaean League to take sides with the Romans. Thus the year oi Flami ninus's consulship had broughi great advanta to the Roman cause and weakened greatly Phil- ip's prestige in Greece. The Roman was thus en- abled to demand, as a price of truce, that the Macedonian garrisons be withdrawn from the whole of Greece. This price Philip was unwill- ing to pay. A double commission, accordingly, was sent to Pome, with envoys from Philip and from Flamininus; but the Senate decided to prolong the latter'-, imperium, and gave notice to the former that the Roman general had full authority to prosecute the war to the end. Thus began the second year of the struggle, B.O. IH7, which very soon decided the fate of the -Mace- donian King. The opposing armies met at Cyno- cephalae, and the rout of Philip's army was com- plete. Yet Flamininus would not accede to the demands of his allies that Philip should be de- throned and his kingdom broken up. He con- tented himself with depriving him of all his possessions in Greece and Asia, and left Mace- donia intact. Soon after this he won the en- thusiastic applause of the Greeks by declaring, at the Isthmian Games, in the presence of dele- gates from all of the Greek States, the freedom and independence of all the towns that hail 1 n under Macedonian rule. The complete depend- ence of the Greeks was menaced by Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta, who had been allied with the Romans against Philip; Flamininus therefore brought force to bear upon Nabis, and compelled him to desist from offensive tyranny. In short, when he took his departure from Greece in the spring of b.c. 194, there was no better loved man in all the country thaiiFlamininus, "The Liberator." In 192 a new trouble broke out in the East, and Flamininus returned to Greece. Antiochus, King of Syria, and Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta, were al- lied against the Romans, but this difficulty was again smoothed over by the tact of the Roman general. When he again returned to Rome, he was made censor, in b.c. 191. We last hear of him as ambassador to Prusias. King of Bithynia, in B.C. 183, when the aged Hannibal (q.v. ) was driven to commit suicide for fear of being de- livered to the Romans. In 174 his son celebrated funeral games in honor of Flamininus. from which it is supposed that lie died early in this or late in the preceding > FLAMINIO, lla-nie'ne o, Mabcantonio ( 1498- 1550). An Italian poet, son of Giannantonio Zarabbini di Cotignola, professor at Serravalle (151G-36), who took the name Flaminio. His son was horn at Serravalle. and was educated by his father. In 1545 he refused the post of Latin secretary at the Council of Trent, either because of leanings toward Protestantism, or. as seems more likely, because of ill health. He died five years later after a long and painful pulmonary