Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/147

GRAND JURY. 125 GBANDMOXJGIN. elusion, the clerk indorses on the indictment a true bill in case the jury, or a majority of twelve, are satisfied that the case is sulliciently strong. In case they are not satisiied, the indictment is indorsed not a true hill. The foreman, accom- panied by one or more of the jurors, then carries the indictments into court, and presents them to the clerk, who states to the court the nature of the charge and the indorsement of the jury. In this country the grand jury is also sum- it'oned by the sheriff, and, as in England, its function "is, upon such evidence as the attorney of the State may present, to determine whetlior persons accused of crime shall be indicted and tried therefor, and to inquire into such other matters as may be confided to them by the court, or may come to their knowledge. They may accordingly make presentment of any matter re- quiring remedial action by the courts or the legislature, as the general prevalence of crime, the inefficiency of the law or of its administra- tive agents, the neglect of their duty by public officials, and the like. In inquiring into the commission of a particular criminal charge, they do not examine witnesses for the defense ; for it is not their duty to find a verdict, but only to decide if therp is prima facie evidence of guilt, such as to warrant a trial. In all essential particulars this institution is the same in the United States as in England, but upon minor points there are in practice some differences. The number of men required to constitute a grand jury is not the same in every State, but varies from 12 to 23. The court may. in its discretion, select the foreman or allow the jury- men to do so. The importance of the grand jury in our legal system is not due to any general impression of its value in the ordinary administration of the criminal law, but to the great role which it has played as a bulwark against royal aggression. The Crown in England has always enjoyed the right of instituting criminal prosecutions by in- formation (q.v.), and the abuse of this preroga- tive was one of the principal grounds of the popular uprising against the Stuarts in England and against George III. in America. It is to this feeling, that only the people should have the power of instituting criminal prosecutions, that we owe the provision in the American Con- stitution guaranteeing the institution of the grand jury. IMost of the State constitutions have provisions to the same effect. See Jury. GRAND LAKE, or LAKE CHETI- MACHES, shet'e-mash'. A shallow lake of south- ern Louisiana, surrounded by the parishes of Saint Martin. Iberville. Ilieria, Assumption, and Saint Mary (Map: Louisiana, C 4). It is over 40 miles long, and receives the waters of the At^-hafalaya River from the north, and those of Lake Vernet and the Grand River at the south, issuing through Myrtle Bayou into Atchafalaya Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. GRAND LARCENY. See Larceny. GRAND LEDGE. A city in Eaton County, Mich.. 12 miles west of Lansing; on the Grand River and on the Pere Marquette Railroad (Map: Michigan. J 6). It is a popular summer re- sort, and has manufactures of sewer-pipe, flour, chairs, canned goods, foundry products, etc. Coal and fire-clay are found in the vicinity. Popula- tion, in 1890, 1606; in 1900, 2161. GRAND MAL, griiN uiul. Sec Epii:.epsy. GRAND MANAN'. An island of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Can., ofl' the Maine coast, at the entrance to the Bay of Fundy (Map: New Brunswick, C ,5). It is about 20 miles by 5, with abundant of timber and excel- . lent facilities for ship-liuilding. Fishing is the leading occupation of (lie inhabitants; porpoise- fishing in particular is t,hc specialty of a small settlement of Quoddy Indians at Indian Beacli, on the iiortli. The island is traversed with good roads, and has become a favorite summer resort, on account of its varied and picturesque scenery, angling, and shooting, and cool and bracing cli- mate. The United States is represented l)y a consular agent. Population, 2500. GRAND MASTER. The title borne by the heads of the great military orders of the mediajval ages, such as the Hospitallers, the Templars, and the Teutonic Knights, and now applied to the highest otlicials of numerous orders and fraternal organizations. GRAND MONADTSrOCK. See Monadnock, Grand. GRAND MONARQUE, griiN mo'nark', Le. One of the many titles of Louis XIV. of France. GRANDMONTAINS, graN'niON'taN', or GRAMMONT, Order of. A religious Order in France, founded in 1073 by Saint Stephen of Thiers (died 1124). who, according to the cur- rent legend, which has recently been questioned, after receiving his education in Italy, returned to France, and became a rigorous and solitary ascetic. He remained for a long time in a lonely retreat in the Glen of Muret, a short distance east of Limoges; but as the fame of his piety spread his retreat attracted many vis- itors, aiid finally a community was formed whose mode of life was characterized by the most severe rules of fasting, silence, and the morti- fication of the flesh. The Order changed its abode to Grandmont, or Granimont, several miles farther to the east, and from this locjility it took its name. The severity of its discipline was re- laxed by Innocent IV. and Clement V., in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. There was a brief period in which the Order flourished, but during the Revolution it was broken up. The founder, Stephen of Thiers, was canonized by Clement III. in 1189. The annals of the Order were published at Troyes in 1662. GRANDMOITGIN, grilN'moo'zhaN', OnxRLES (1850—). A French man of letters, bom at Ve- soul, Haute-Saone. He studied law, and was in the office of the War ]Iinister: but his tastes in- clined to poetry, and he published his first vol- ume, Lcs siestes, at the age of twenty-three. Five years later his chief work appeared, Prom6- tJiee, a drama in verse,- and another drama, Orphcft. was performed in 1887. His stray pieces, collected from the lectures he gave in France and Switzerland, were published (1884-00), in seven different volumes. Besides contributing prose and verse to periodical literature. Grandmougin wrote lyrics and librettos for musical composers — Godard, Massenet. LefJvre. and others — and was himself one of the first French appreciators of Wagner. He also published Conies d'aujnur- d'hui (1887). and assisted in the literary part of the revival of the old passion plays.