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GUATEMALA. 337 GTJAVA. in battle against the republics of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Salvador, which had formed an alliance for the preservation of their inde- pendent existence. The movement toward federa- tion by peaceful means, instituted in 1895, came to naught after two years of negotiations. Since 1899 Manuel Estrada Cabrera has been Presi- dent. BlBLlOGR.PHY. Froebel. .l»s .l»ifriV>(i (Leipzig, 18.57-58) : Marr, Kcise nach Central-America (Hamburg, 1863) ; Squier, The SInfes of Central America (London, 1868) ; Gonzalez, Geoqrafiu dc Centro-Aiiicrieu {Sa.n Salvador, 1878) ; Fuentes y Cluzman, Historia de Guatemala {Madrid, 1882) ; Stoll. Guutemala : Reisen und iichildcrungen aiis den Jahrcn 1S7S-S3 (Leipzig, 1886); Brigham, Guatemala : the Land of the Quetzal (London, 1887) ; Bernouilli, "Reise in der Republik Guate- mala," in Petermanns Mitteilunijcn (Gotha, 187.3): Child, The Upanish-Amcriciin Republics (London, 1891): Handbook of tluiitemala. re- vised. Bureau of the American Republics (Wash- ington. 1897) ; Sapper, Das nordliehe ilittel-Ame- rika. Reisen und Studien lSS5-9o (Brunswick, 1897) : llaudslay, A Glimpse at Guatemala (Lon- don. 1899) : Seier, Aiif alien irepeii in Mexiko vnd Guatemala ISO-J-fH (Berlin. 1900) ; O'Uyau, Biblioqrafia de la imprenta en Guatemala en los siglos' XVII ;i XVIII (Santiago, 1897). GUATEMALA, or SANTIAGO DE GUATE- MALA, siin'te-a'gd da gwii'ta-mU'la. Tlie cap- ital of the Republic of Guatemala, situated 85 miles from the Pacific coast on a plateau 5000 feet above sea-level. The city is regularly built, is well supplied with water by an aqueduct, and lias electric lights, street cars, and all modern <;onveniences (Map: Central America, B 3). Its most notable buildings are the large cathedral, the episcopal residence. Government palace, and the university building, in which the law school and the national library are installed. The city has also schools of art, medicine, engineering, and agriculture, a conservatory of music, and several technical evening schools. Amusement is fur- nished by a theatre and an arena for bull-fights. <jiuateniala is the commercial centre of the coun- try. It manufactures cotton and woolen goods, earthenware, gold and silver articles, cigars, and leather. Population, 73,000. Guatemala is the third capital of the country to bear that name. The first was founded in 1524, and was over- whelmed in 1556 by a volcanic eruption. It is now called Ciudad Vieja or Almalonga. The second capital, now known as Guatemala la An- tigua, lies 25 miles west of the present capital, and was almost entirely destroyed by an earth- quake in 1773. the date of the settlement of the present Guatemala. GUATEMOTZIN, gwji'ta-mo-tsen', or CfAun- TEMOC (1502-25). The last Aztec Emperor of Jtexico. He was only eighteen years old when he assumed charge of the operations against the in- vaders under Cortes, in November. 1520. He was a nephew of Motecuhzoma (Montezuma), and had been a leader of the party opposed to the hitter's temporizing policy from the first arrival of the Spaniards, He organized the at- tack of the 'Noche Triste,' and after the return of Cortes Guatemotzin, who had succeeded Cuitla- luiatzin as Emperor, carried on the defense of "the City of Mexico throughout the spring and .summer of 1521. When further efforts became vain, he tried to e.scape from Mexico with his remaining followers, but was captured. CortC-s at first treated him with much respect, but, failing to secure from him any information re- garding hidden stores of gold, which probably existed only in the minds of the Spaniards, put him to the torture of a slow fire. When Cort6s started on his difficult march across Honduras, he took the most important of his native prison- ers with him as hostages for the good behavior of their people. During the journey CortOs was informed that the Mexicans were planning a rising against the white conquerors. A summary trial was forthwith arranged, and Guatemotzin. together w'ith the other prisoners, who had been a serious hindrance during the march, was ex- ecuted in February, 1525. GUATIVEEE, gwa'te-va'ra. The name in the Spanish West Indies of a genus (liodianus) of small, brightly colored, much-spotted fishes, which abound in tropical seas, and are good food. Two or three species occur along the Florida reefs, ^^■here they are called 'negro fish' from their blackish-olive hue. See Jacob Evertzen. GUATUSO, gwa-too's6. A wild tribe, forming a distinct linguistic family on the Rio Frio, In the northern part of Costa Rica. They are a ro- bust and athletic people, cultivating corn, ba- nanas, and other crops, knitting hammocks and nets from agave fibre, but steadfastly rejecting the Spanish civilization, preferring to lead a free life. In consequence of the cruelties of the rubber-gatherers, they are rapidly dying out. GUAVA, gwU'va (Sp., Port, rjuat/aba, from Brazilian guai/aba, guaiva, the native name). A shrub or small tree of the genus Psidium, native of the tropics of Asia and America, most common in the New World, and cultivated in suitable climates for its edible fruit. The lemon guava RUAVA, a, Psidium Cattleianum; b, Peldium Guajava. (Psidium Guajava) is most commonly grown in Florida and the two Indies, attains a height of twenty feet, has numerous branches, obtuse, smooth leaves, two or three inches long, white fragrant flowers on solitary axillary stalks, and roundish or oblong smooth yellow fruit about the size of a hen's egg. The rind is thin and brittle; the pulp firm, flesh-colored, full of horny seeds, aromatic, sweet, and rather astringent. They, and the jelly made from them, are ex- jiorted. The red guava, also referred to the same species, a plant common to both the Indies, bears a beautiful red fruit, with red flesh. Since it is acid and less agreeable than the lemon guava.