Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/45

GOMES DE AMORIM. 25 GOMPERS. GOMES DE AMORIM, Francisco (1827- 91). A Poitugues-e pott aiid dramatist, born at Avelomar (Minho). Karly in liis life he went to Brazil, where lie was employed in a commoreial enterprise, and studied llie language and customs of the wild peoples in the primeval forests bor- dering the Amazon and the Xingu. In 1846 he returned to Portugal; in 1848 wrote "Garibaldi," "A liberdadc." and other verses in celebration of that revolutionary year; and though at first compelled for support to learn the hatter's trade, obtained a post in the Government service in 1851, and in ISoil was appointed librarian to the Ministry of Marine and curator of the Museum of Naval Antiquities. In his literary career he was much encouraged by Almeida-Garrett (q.v.), whose Canwes he read in Brazil, and in regard to whom he wrote the appreciative Mentor ias hiograp'cas (1881), which is in fact a history of the literary movement re])resentcd by Garrett. The volumes of poems. Cantos mattitinos ('2d ed. 1866) and Ephemeros (2d ed. 1866), were fol- lowed by a series of dramas — Odio de ra^a, A prohibifSo. Figados de ti(jre, Os incognitos do miindo, (Ihigi, A viiiva, and others — many of which, like ccdro vermcllw (with a commen- tary), are derived from Brazilian life. The works of fiction Os selca.gens (1875), and its sequel, O remorse vivo (1876). have the same source. There is a collected edition of Gomes's ■works in Portuguese (Lisbon, 1866 et seq.), and several of the dramas have been rendered into French by Richon and Denis. Consult Rein- hardstoettner, Aufsiitze und Ahliandlungen-CR&r- lin. 1887). GOMEZ, gij'mas, Antonio. See Obsini, Fe- lice. GOMEZ, EsTEVAN (e.l474-c.l530). A Portu-- guese navigator. In 15in he started from Spain with Magellan, as pilot on the Trinidad, of which vessel Magellan himself acted as captain ; 1)ut in the Strait of Magellan he commanded a successful mutiny on the Sail Antonio, to which vessel he had been transferred, and, leaving the rest of the fleet, returned to Spain. In 1524-25 he seems to have made a voyage to Nortli Ameri- ca, and to have coasted from Labrador to Florida in an effort to discover for Charles V. a western passage to the Moluccas. Confirmation of the voyage is furnished by the fact that on the map of Diego Ribeiro. made in 1520, that part of the continent between the present States of Xew Jersey and Rhode Island is put down as the 'Tierra de Gomez.' GOMEZ-FARIAS, go'mas fii-re'as, Valentin ( 1781-1S.")8) . A Mexican statesman. He was born and educated at Guadalajara, where he re- ceived a professorship in the tmiversity in 1810. He was a pronounced Liberal in the First Con- stituent Congress, became Vice-President upon the election of Santa Anna, and assumed the reins of govermncnt tipon the absence of the latter. April 1, 1S.S3. In consequence of his pronounced antagonism to the Church party, he was, after a constant struggle of two years against continuous opposition, compelled to resign in 1835. and ex- iled. Although received by the masses with gen- eral acclamation upon his return, his political in- fluence aroused the fears of the party in power, and after sufTering imprisonment and vainly endeavoring to foment a revolution, he was again banished. He was again Vice-President at the lime of the war with the United States, when Santa Anna was compelled to take the field. Alter the abolition of the Vicel'residential ollici', he became a member of Congress. He later t/xik an active part in overtlirowing the dictatorship of Santa Anna, and became Postmaster-General under liis suci.'cssor Alvarez. GOMEZ Y BAEZ, JUxuio (1826—). A Cuban general, born at Baiii, Santo Domingo. He served in the Spanisli .Kniij- in Santo Domingo and in Cuba ; but in Criba he became disgusted with Spanisli rule, and especially with the dishon- esty and cruelty of illar, wlio was in command of the Spanish forces, and whom Gomez person- ally assaulted. He left the Spanish Army, set- tled down as a planter, and in the insurrection of 1868-78 joined the insurgents, and was made colonel by the Cuban President Cespedes. He was active and able; and after Agramonte's death was put in command of the insurgents in Camaguey. When peace was signed with Campos in 1878, Gomez went to Jamaica and then to Santo Domingo, where he lived on his farm until 1805, when the second revolution broke out. He became general-in-chief of the forces of the Republic of Cuba, and was especially active in Camaguey, where his perfect famil- iarity with the country stood him in good stead. He did little open fighting, but accomplished much by harassing the Spaniards and destroy- ing their supplies. He put his small force at the disposal of the Americans as soon as they landed in Cuba, and was markedly friendly to this country. In March, 1890, he was deposed from his supreme command by the Cuban As- sembly for traitorously receiving for his army the three millions of dollars voted by the United States Government. Among his sketches of war- fare in Cuba are: Panchito Gomez and Mi Escolta (1806). Consult Carrillo, In the Saddle loith Cowez (Xew York, 1898). GOM'ME, George Laurence (1853—). An English antiquary and folklorist. bom in Lon- don. He became statistical officer and later clerk to the London County Council, was the founder of the Folklore Society, an organiza- tion that has done important work in the preser- vation of records of the rural customs of Eng- land. Of this society he was elected successively secretary, president, and vice-president. He was also appointed a lecturer in the London School of Economics, and edited the Archdological Rc- fieic, the Follilore Journal, and the Anliquarii. His publications include: Primitive Folk-Moots (1880): Folklore Relics of Earhf ViUaqe Life (1883): The Village Communitti (1880); Eth- nology in FoU.-lnre (1892) ; and Lectures on the Prinrijdrs of I, oral Government (1808). GOMOR'EAH. See Sodom and Gomorrah. GOM'PERS, Samuel (18.50—). An American labor leader, born in London, England. Appren- ticed to the trade of cigar-making, he came to the I'nited States in 1863. and in 1864 became the first registered member of the Cigar-Makers' International U'nion. of which he was secretary and president, and which he made one of the most successful of American trade unions. He was elected vice-president of the Federation in 1881. and from 1882, with the exception of the year 1804, when he was defeated by .Tohn ^IcBride. representing the coal-miners, was its president. Among the State and Federal law3