Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 09.djvu/66

GORDIN. 44 GOE.DON. Mensch unci Tcufel, one of his best plays, is the Job or Faust motive worked out in modern Jew- ish life, and in the same category are Dcr jiidische Konig Lcur, Die jiidische Hapho, and Kreutzer 8enata. His plays in treatment belong to the school of robust realism, but the ethical import in them is always prominent. Others of his suc- cessful dramatic works arc: MireUt Efroth; Der wHdc Mcnscli; Die iScliechita (The Sacrifice); Die Schb'uo (The Vow); Medea; Schloine Cha- clidin. Der russische Jude in Anierika. GrOR'DIUS (Lat., Gordian, sc. nodus, knot; so called from the intricate knots into which the animals twist ) . The type genus of the Gordi- oidea, second order of Nematoda ( q.v. ) , including those nematodes in which the body-cavity is lined by a distinct epithelium. See Hairworm. G0E1)0N, The Family of. A famous Scotch family. In lauo Sir^ Adam of Gordon was a par- tisan of Edward I. in his struggle for the Scot- tish throne. He was named joint justiciar of Lothian, and was one of the representatives of Scotland in the Parliament of Westminster. Nevertlieless. he was pardoned by Robert Bruce and given the lordship of Strathbogie, where the chief seat of the family henc-eforth lay. His descendant. Sir Adam, fell at the battle of Hom- ildon Hill, in 1402, and with him the direct male line ended. The name Gordon was. however, transmitted by his two half-in'others to a wide circle of gentry in Mar, Buchan, and Strath- bogie. Elizabeth of Gordon, the only daughter and heiress of Sir Adam, married Alexander Seton, ■who afterwards was given the title of Lord Gor- don. Her son Alex.-vxder assumed the family name of Gordon, and was made Earl of Huntly in 1440. and Lord of Badenoch soon aftenvards. By marriage lie acquired large possessions in Aberdeenshire. His son George, second Earl of Huntly, married Annabella. daughter of James I., and was Chancellor of Scotland from 1408 to 1501. His son Alexander commanded the left wing of the Scottish army at Flodden Field. The landed possessions of the family were greatly increased bj' this royal marriage, especially in Banffshire and Inverness-shire. George, fourth Earl of Huntly. acquired the earldom of ^loray, and held the offices of Lieutenant of the Xorth and Chancellor of the Realm. Alarmed at his power, the Crown deprived him of iloray. The Earl rebelled, and lost his life by a -wound in 1562. His grandson George, the fifth Earl, headed the Catholic party in Scotland, and de- feated at Glenlivet a royal army sent against him in 1504. Nevertheless, he obtained a pardon, and was made JIarquis of Huntly. George, his successor, fought for Charles I. in the Civil War. and was beheaded at Edinburgh in 1640. His grandson, George, first Duke of Gordon (1084), held Edinburgh Castle for James II. in the Revolution of 1688. His son was the last Catholic chief of the race, while his great-grand- son, Lord CJeorge Gordon (q.v.), was leader of the Gordon Riots of 1780 in London, directed against the Catholics. In 1836 the title became extinct, but it ^as revived in 1876 for the benefit of the Duke of Richmond. Descendants of the first ^Marquis of Huntly be- came viscounts of !Melgund and of Aboyne. and finally inherited the marquisate of Huntly. which they still hold. Other members of the family be- came earls of Sutherland. The lords of Lochin- var, famous in poetry and song, were Gordons. One of them, William, sixth Viscount of Ken- mure, was beheaded in 1716 for his prominent part in the Jacobite rising. In 1682 Sir George Gordon of Haddo, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was made Earl of Aberdeen. Other members of the family were Lord Byron, whose mother was a Gordon, and Lord CtEobge Gordon, the hero of Khartum. Consult Douglas, The Baronage of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1813). There are two printed fam- ily histories of the Gordons, one by W. Gordon (Edinburgh, 1726-27), the other by C. A. Gordon (Aberdeen. 1754) . GORDON, Adam Linds.yt. See Australian Literature. GORDON, Charles George (1833 85). An Englisli soldier, familiarly known as 'Chinese Ciordon' and 'Giordon Pasha.' The son of Henry William Gordon, lieutenant-general of artillery, he was born at Woolwich. January 28, 1833. He was educated at Taunton, and entered the Royal ^Military Academy at Woolwich in 1848. Obtain- ing a lieutenant's commission in 1852. he served through the Crimean War with distinction. From 1856 to ISog he was employed in surveying and settling the Russo-Turkish frontier in Asia, and acquired an intimate knowledge of the people and the districts he visited. He was promoted cap- tain. 1850: in 1860 joined the Anglo-French forces in China, and was present at the capture of Peking. He remained at Tien-tsin in command of the royal engineers: he added to the geographical knowledge of China by several expeditions to the unknown interior: in 1862 became major: and in 1863 was appointed commander of the 'Ever Vic- torious Army.' which suppressed the formidable Tai-ping rebellion and opened up the rich prov- inces and cities of the silk districts. He refused the Large money rewards offered him by the Chinese Emperor, who bestowed upon him the yellow jacket and peacock's feather of a man- darin of the first class, with the gold medal and title of Ti Tu, the highest Chinese" militaiy rank. In 1864 he received his brevet as lieutenant- colonel, and on his return to England wa.s made a C.B. From 1865 to 1871 he commanded the royal engineers at Woolwich, and was distinguished for his charitable work among the sick and poor. From 1871 to 1873 he represented England in the International Danube Commission at Galatz. In 1874 he was sent by Ismail Pasha to establish the authority of Egypt in the Upper Nile basin, and was appointed Governor of the Equatorial Provinces. Subsequently he was created a pasha, and in February, 1877. the Khedive appointed him Governor of the Sudan. His administration was marked by wonderful en- ergy and actixity in establishing communication between widely separated districts; in the development of the natural resources of the coun- trv; and in suppressing rebellion and slavery. The deposition of Ismail in 1870 led to his resignation. In 1880 he accompanied the Mar- quis" of Ripon to India as his private secretary, but. finding him-^elf unsuited for the post, at once resigned, and on the invitation of Sir Robert Hart visited China to advise the Government in connection with its strained relations with Russia. In 1881-82 he commanded the royal engineers