Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/15

HERMANDAD. 3 HERMANN. institution was capable of producing, obtained the sanction of the Cortes (147C) for its thor- ough reorganization and extension over tlic whole kingdom. A court was established in every com- munity of thirty families, and an appeal from the local court went to the Supreme Council. A gen- eral junta met annually, and instructions were transmitted to the provincial juntas. The crimes reserved for the jurisdiction of the Hermandad were all acts of violence and theft committed on the high r«ads or in the open country, and the penalties attached to each misdemeanor were specified with the greatest precision in the codes of laws which were enacted at different times in the yearly assemblies of the deputies of the con- federated cities. An annual contribution was assessed on every hundred householders or re- ti'nos for the equipment and maintenance of the horsemen and quadriUeros, or officials of the Brotherhood, whose duty it was to arrest offend- ers and enforce the sentence of the law. Al- though the Hermandad was regarded with much disfavor by the aristocracy, it continued for some time to exercise its functions, until the country had been cleared of banditti and the ministers of justice enabled to discharge their duties with- out hindrance from lawless disturbers of the peace. In 1485 the association issued its code of laws, known as the Quaderno de las lei/cs nuevus de la Hermandad. In 1498, the objects of the Hermandad having been obtained and pub- lic order established on a firm basis, the func- tions of the Brotherhood were greatly reduced and most of its oflicials done away with ; in the course of half a century the Hermandad became transformed into a mere police force. Consult : ^lariana. Hixtoria de Espafia (Valencia, 1783- 96) ; Prescott. History of Ferdinand and Isabella (Boston, 18.18). HERMANFRID, her'man-fret (?-531). The last King of the Thuringians, son of Basinus. He ruled at first with his two brothers, Baderich and Bortliar. bit. urged on by his ambitious wife, Amalberga. killed Berthar and joined with Theoderich I., King of the Franks, against Ba- derich, who was defeated and dethroned in 510. Hernianfrid now refused to give up half of his kingdom, as he had promised, to Theoderich. The latter joined Clotaire I., his brother, and the Saxons, in a grand alliance against Thuringia, and dethroned Hernianfrid in 531. One story says that he was killed by his own armor-bearer. Amalberga went to Italy with her children, the bulk of Thuringia was joined to the kingdom of the Franks, and the Saxons took the northern part. The story of Hernianfrid has been drama- tized by Wetzel and by Schh'mbach. HERTMANN. A town and the county-seat of Gasconade County. Mo.. 81 miles west of Saint Louis; on the ifissouri River and on the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad (Map: Missouri. E 3). It is the centre of extensive vine-growing inter- ests, and manufactures wine, in which there is an important trade, beer, flour, foundry products. etc. The picturesque scener*- of the vicinity at- tracts manv excursionists during the summer. Populatidii.'in 1800. 1410: in 1000, 1.575. HERMANN, her'mftn. The leader of the Cherusci in their celebrated victory over the Roman legions of Varus (.,n. 0). See Abminivs. '. HERMANN, Count of WiF.n (1477-1552). ' Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, born at Wied. He was elected Archbishop of Cologne in 1515, and supported the claims of Charles V., whom he crowned at Ai.x-la-Chapelle in 1520. The next year, at the Diet of Worms, he strongly opposed heresy, and endeavored to have Luther declared an outlaw, in spite of the fact that he himself was striving to bring about a reform, though within the Church. In 1542 he became an advo- cate of the new teachings, and in consequence was outlawed by the Emperor and banned by the Pope. The Emperor then secured the election of Adolf of Schaumburg to the Archbishopric, and Hermann withdrew to his Earldom of Wied, where he died a few years later. Consult Varren- trapp, Hermann von ^yied und scin Reforma- tionsversueh in Kiiln (Leipzig, 1878). HERMANN, Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm VON (1795-1808). A German political economist. He was born in Bavaria, and studied at the uni- versities of Erlangen and Wiirzburg. His at- tention was early directed to mathematics and political economj-. In 1823 he became privat-do- cent at the L'niversity of Erlangen; in 1825 he was called to the professorship of mathematics at the Gymnasium of Xuremburg; and in 1827 he became professor extraordinary of Eameraluns- senschaften in the University of Munich. His great work, Staatsinrtsehaftliche Untersuchun- gen, which appeared in 1832, ranks as one of the most important contributions to German eco- nomics. In 1835 he was made member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Science. He was in- spector of technical instruction in Bavaria ; in 1845 was appointed one of the Councilors to the Minister of the Interior; and in 1848 sat as a member for Munich in the National Assembly at Frankfort, where he was one of the foimders of the so-called 'Great-German Party,' which op- posed the rise of the hegemony of Prussia ; in 1850 he assumed charge of the Bureau of Statis- tics, and in 1855 he became Coimcilor of State. He published a large number of pamphlets and pa])ers on political, economic, and industrial sub- jects, and the annual reports which he published as head of the Bureau of Statistics entitle him to the rank of one of the founders of the science of statistics. HERMANN, Gottfried (1772-1848). A German philologist. He was born at I^eipzig, Xovember 28, 1772; studied there and at Jena, and was made in 1798 professor extraordinarj' of philosophy at Leipzig. In 1803 he was professor of eloquence, becoming in addition professor of poetry in 1809, and in this position he remained till his death, December 31, 1848. The first de- partment which he began to cultivate on original principles was metre, of which he attempted to develop a philosophical theory from the catego- ries of Kant ; and on this subject he wrote, be- sides his Hnndhiich der Metrik (1798), several Latin treatises, among which his Epitome Doc- trinw iletricw (1818) reached a third edition in 1852. Of wider importance, however, was the new method which he introduced into the treat- ment of Greek grammar. The principles of this method are not only explicitly developed in his De Emendenda Ratione Grwew Grammatieec ( 1801 ) . but are practically illustrated in his nu- merous editions of the ancient classics. Her- mann's power of dealing with chronological, topo- graphical, and personal questions is shown in his Opuscula (7 vols., Leipzig, 1827-30), which also