The electors of Brandenburg were as follows: Frederick I. (the Frederick VI. mentioned above).(1415-1440) Frederick II.. .(1440-1470) Albert Achillies (1470-1486) John Cicero (1486-1499) Joachim I. Nestor (1499-1535) Joachim II. Hector (1535-1571) John Sikismund (1608-1619) George William (1619-1640) Frederick Wiliam, the Great Elector (1640-1688) Frederick III (1688-l713) after 1701, King Frederick I. of Prussia
The Hohenzollern kings of Prussia since Frederick I. have been as follows: Frederick William I (1713-1740) Frederick II. the Great (1740-1786) Frederick William II (1786-1797) Frederick William III (1797-1840) Frederick William IV (1840-1861) William (1801-1888),after 1871, German Emperor Frederick III (1888) William II (1888-)
The history of the Hohenzollern family from the fifteenth century is that of Brandenburg, Prussia, and Germany. Consult: Stillfried- Alcantara and Kugler. Die Hohenzollern und das deutsche Vaterland (Munich, 1881), a well or- dered account, dedicated" to Emperor William I., and presumably having a semiofficial standing; Waddington. L'acquisition de la couronne royale de Prusse par les Hohenzollern (Paris, 1888), a valuable study of Hohenzollern history in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with many documents; Berner, Die Abstammung und äteste Genealogie der Hohenzollern (Berlin, 1893); Seidel, Hohenzollern-Jahrhuch, Forschungen zur Geschichte der Hohenzollern in Brandenburg-Preussen (Leipzig, 1897 et seq.) ; Tuttle. History of Prussia (Boston, 1884-90). one of the best products of American historical scholarship, cut short at 1757 by the death of the author.
HÖHNEL, hē'nel, Ludwig von (1857 — ). An Austrian explorer, born at Pressburg and educated at the Naval Academy of Fiume. In 1887 he accompanied Count Teleki in the journey from Zanzibar, on which lakes Rudolph and Stephanie were discovered, and a large area, be- fore unknown, carefully plotted on Hönel's maps. The expeditions proved the connection between the Abyssinian plateau and the Rand. Lieutenant Höhnel described the results of his journey in his book. Zum Rudolfsee und Stefaniesee (1892). In 1892-93 he explored with an American traveler. William Astor Chanler (q.v. ), the country between the rivers Tana and Juba. Consult Chanler, Through Jungle and Desert (New York, 1896).
HÖHSCHEID, hẽ'shit. A town of the Prus- sian Rhine Province, situated on the Wupper, 17 miles east-southeast of Düsseldorf (Map: Prussia, B 3). It has extensive manufactures of steel products and machinery. Population, in 1890,. 12.503; in 1900, 14.172.
HOI-HOW, hoi'hou'. The seaport of Kiung-chow (q. v.).
HOJÉDA, ō̇-Hā Dȧ Alonso de. See Ojéda.
HŌJō, hō'jō̇. The name of five towns in Japan, from one of which, in Idzu ( q.v.), arose the cele- brated family of regents known as the Hōjō, which, during the era of the puppet Shoguns at Kamakura (A.D. 1219-1333), ruled the Empire. During their régime Buddhism developed rapidly, and the Mongol invaders under Kublai Kahn were driven off and their armada destroyed. The Hōjō were overthrown by one Nitta Yoshisada in 1333. Consult: Griffis, The Milkado's Empire (New York, 1900); Adams, History of Japan, vol i. (London. 1884); Brinkley, Japan. Its History, Arts. and Literature (Boston. 1901-02).
HOKITIKA, hō'Kē̇-tē'kȧ The capital of westland (County. on the northwest coast of South Island, New Zealand (Map: New Zealand, C 5). It lies 24 miles southwest of Greymouth, with which and with Nelson it is connected by rail. It has thriving agricultural industries. while gold-mining, formerly of great importance, is still carried on. Population, in 1901. 1951.
HOKKAIDO, hō̇k'kī dō̇. See Yezo.
HOK-KIEN, hō̇k'kē̇-ĕn'. See Fu-kien.
HO-KOW, hō'kou'. The name of a number of towns in China, the most important of which are the following: (1) A town in the Province of Kiang-si. on the right bank of the Poyang-hu Lake, opposite Kiu-kiang (Map: China. E 6). It has an extensive trade in black tea. Estimated population, 300.000. (2) A treaty port in the northern part of the Province of Yunnan, on the left bank of the Red River, nearly opposite Lao- kai in Tongking. with which it is connected by a suspension bridge, completed in 1900. It has about 4000 inhabitants and was opened for foreign trade in accordance with the supplementary convention between China and France of June 20, 1895. The trade is as yet insignificant. (3) A small town in the northern part of the Province of Shansi, at the confluence of the Hei-shui and he Hoang-ho. It lies near the beginning of the highway to Peking and has important soda-works.
HOKUSAI, hōk'o͞o-sī (1760-1849). A noted Japanese artist. He was born at Honjo, in Yedo (now Tokio). son of an artisan named Nakashima Ise, a maker of metal mirrors in the employ of the Shogun of the time. Little is known of his life beyond what he himself tells in the prefaces to his" numerous works. At thir- teen he left home and apprenticed him.self to an engraver. Five years afterwards he gave up engraving to study with Shunsho. the most noted designer of the time, but was expelled in 1780 for persistently indulging in a style that was displeasing to his master. He tried to make a living by illustrating comic books, but not meeting with success, he became a peddler, continuing to draw and paint as he had oppor-
tunity. In order to attract attention and raise mone'y, he in 1804 exhibited his dexterity by painting in public a colored figure of a Buddhist
saint on a sheet of paper 18 yards long and 11 yards wide, using brooms for brushes and buckets to hold his liquid India ink. Three years later he became associated with Bakin, the novelist, collaborated with him in illustrating a work translated from the Chinese by Bakin. and con- taining 108 portraits of Chinese heros. This appeared in 1828. His connection with Bakin lasted only four years, and he was again adrift. His public career really did not begin until 1810, when he became an industrial artist and a teacher of drawing. Pupils flocked to him in numbers so great that he could not supply them with original drawings of his own as models, so he began wood-engraving in order to furnish the needed number. In this way his Mangwa, or al- bum of "Ten Thousand Sketches," took form, and
