Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/284

HORUS. •2U HOSEA. ITorus was explnined ns typifying everything liood in nature, iillliough the solnr meaning of most of the niythologieiil fuets was too manifest to Ih? entirely overlooked. The planets Mars, Jiipiter, anil Saturn were also eonsidered as manifestations of Horns ("the red Horus,' 'the brilliant Horus,' "Horus. the hull'). In the mythical accounts of the early history of Egj'pt, Horus was eoimted as the last of the divine rulers of the land. The principal temploa of Horus were nt Letopolis, in i.ower Kgjpl. at Kus ( Apollinopolis Narva), and at Kdfu (.pol- linopolis Magna — the Greeks iilentitied Horus with their Apollo) : he was worshiped also at Onihos, rn-nderali (Tentyra). Dainanluir ( Hernio- polis Parvn), etc. In Ini|K>rial Home he became as popular as Isis and the other members of the Osirian family. 8ec Plate of Ehyptian Deities, in the article Kgypt. HORITS. An Egyptian name, usually under- stiiixl as that given by Manetho to the last King of the Eighteenth Dynasty, the Haremheb of the hieroglyphic inscriptiims. He had been Prime Jlinister of several of his predecessors, and by marrying a princess he ascended the throne some- what after n.c. 1.380. The duration of his reign is tmcertain; five years arc assigned to him by ^lanetho, while according to the monuments he reigned for twenty-one years at least, though this may be due to an artificial reckoning. His prin- <'ipal buildings are the pylons in the temple at Kamak. Of military ncliievements only an ex- peilition against the negnx's of the Sudan is men- tioned in bis rixk-hewn temple at Silsileh. Ho completed the religious reaction against the refor- mation introduced by .menophis IV. Harmais, of whom Henxlotus has presened some strange popular tales, is the same person. In other places, however, Manetho gives the name Horus to the heretic King Amenophis IV. (q.v.). HORVATH, hor'v-it, IIiiiAlv (1809--8). An Hungarian eeclesiastic, statesman, and historian, born at Szentes, in the County of Csongrfid. He entered the priesthood in 1830, and before 1841 held a number of pastorates. His liberal ideas led bim to abandon, temporarily, his priestly calling, and he became, in 1844. professor of the Hungarian language and literature at Vienna. In 1848 he was maile Hishop of f'sanrtd. .and in the following year, upon the declaration of Hun- garian independence, became Minister of Public Education and Worship. -Vfter tlK> iiillapsc of the revolutionary movement he fled the countri'. and lived abroad under sentence of death, returning only in 1807. He reentered j)olitics. and mtil liis •loath was a member of the Lower House of the Diet, voting with the Deak party. His principal ^yorks are: [lislori/ of the Bunfjnrians to 1823 (3d ed., 8 vols., JBudapcst, 1873) : Twenty-five years of Iluiifiarian History, ISZS-'iH (2d ed., Budapest, 1808) ; Uistory of the War of Inde- pendence in Hungary, fS-'/S-.'/JJ (2d ed., Budapest, 1872). HOHWICH, hor'Ij. A town in Lancashire, England, live miles west-northwest of Bolton (.Map: England, D 3). Its in<lustries comprise railway works, paper-making, cotton manufac- ttires, bleaching works, and coal-mining. It owns its water-supplv. Population, in 1891, 12,850; in mOl. 15.100." HOSACK, hos'ak. David (1709-1S35). An American scientist, born in New York. He gradu- i.ted at Princeton in 1789; studied medicine in Philadelphia and afterwards in Europe, and was chosen professor of botany in Columbia College in 1795. In 1807 he became professor of materia niedica and of midwifery in the Collegi- of Physi- cians and Surgeons, then newly founded, and sub- sequently of the theory and practice of medicine, and of obstetrics and the diseases of women and children. He was the founder of the first botanic garden in the I'nited States. Hcwasconnecteil with Drs. Mutt. Macneven, and Francis in organizing the medical department of Rutgers College, at New Hrunswick, N. .J., and in New York City he held various medical positions in asylums and hospitals. He was one of the founders, and for twelve years president of the New York Histori- cal Society, and was a fellow of the Koyal Society of Creat liritain. HOSANNA, ho-ziin'nft. The cry with which Jesus was greeted at His lastentry into Jerusalem (.Matt. xi. 9; Mark xi. 9; ,Iolin xii. 13), and which until recently was generally considered to be identical with the Hebrew expressiim hoshia-na, 'save now." occurring in Psalm cxviii., abbreviated to lioihiina. This exjircssion occurs as part of the Psalter used at the Feast of Tabernacles. When this word was said the boughs were waved. Gradually the boughs themselves came to bo called hosannas. and the day on which the ho- s.nnna prayer was said seven limes came to be called 'day of the great hosanna.' But in the New Testament passages 'hosanna' is used as an ac- clamation almost as 'hail!' in English, and it is not easy to account for this transition, es|K'cially as .lesus' entry took place at the Passover and not at the Tabernacles season, so that there would hardly be any occasion to introduce 'hosanna.' In view of this, it is possible that 'hosanna' in the Old Testament represents originally a <lifrereut word, perhaps the .Aramaic ushnn, 'strength' — which has subseqiiently become confused with the Old Testament 'hosha-na.' Consult: the discussion in Dalman, IHf Wnrte Jenii, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1S9S) : id., (Irnmmalih dcs jiidisch-paliistinischeii AranUiiseti, p. 198 (ib., 1894). HOSEA, hAze'A (Heb. Hiixf a, deliverance). One of the prophets, whose discourses, forming the Book of Hosea. come first in the group of minor prophets. Of bis life we know nothing except what may be inferred from references in the discourses. His father's name is Beeri (llos. i.), and his home is in the Kingdom of Israel. In the first three chapters he uses as an illustration a strange incident in his own life. He had taken to wife a woman, Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim, who bore him three children, but wiio turned out to be a faithless and worth- less woman. This personal experience, the sub- stantial reality of yhich there is no reason to question, appears to the prophet as typifying the faithlessness of the people of Yahweh to their God. It is not necessary to go so far as to suppose that the |)rophet actually gave his chil- dren the symbolical names Jezreel, Loruhamah ('not l)eloved'), Lo-animi ('not my people'), as indicated in chapter i. This feature is clearly allegorical, but Hosea's divorce from his wife and hissubsequent reunion with her (chapter iii., unless, indeed, another wife is meant) are prob- ably inci<lents in his own life. According to the |)re.sent heading of the book, his activity extended over the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Aliaz, and