Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/456

HYKSOS. 394 HYLLXJS. Sethroite nomo, called Avnris (Egj'ptian, Bat- tciircl), and ])laoed in it a stioiiij; nanisim to se- en lo tlic eoiinection between the Syrian and Kgyp- tian pruvinces. The conquerors soon adapteil themselves to Esj'ptian manner--, leaving prob- ably the old administration untouched, and the Kings assumed Egyptian names. Three or four of these royal names liave been found on the monuments. The six Kings of this dynasty wore; Salatis or Saites ; Heon ( possibly Klieyiln of the monuments) ; Apophis I. or Apachnan (hiero- glyphic Apopi n-fyiioii) ; Apophis ( Apopi a-uscr-re) , who seems to have been misplac-ed by Manetho and to belong to the end of the series, after Innnas and Archies (or Asses?). Perhaps these last two names are merely eornipt repetitions of the pre- oc<liiig. The second Apophis reigiicd for at least tliirtythree years, as the mathematical papyrus of London written in his reign attests; for the other Kings we have only the corrupt JIanetho- nian dates (nineteen, fourteen, thirty-nine years, €tc. ). These Kings resided in Memi)his. Avaris, and Heliopolis (?), having the Delta under their direct administration, and leaving the country above Memphis to tributary princes of the old nobility. This proved fatal to their do- minion, for the vassal Prince of Thebes soon felt strong enough to rebel against his sovereign. A popular tale ( Pajiyrus Sallicr I.) gives a fanciful narrative of the beginning of this war. but the mutilated cimdition of the manuscript renders it dilticult to decide whether the foolisli arrogance of Apopi or his exaggerated zeal for liis god Set is represented as the cause of the struggle. The popular idea that the Hyk(us)sos brought alonj» their own native god of war. Sutekh. and tried to force his exclusive worship upon the Egyptians, is incorrect; this god was merely the Egyptian divinity Set (playfully written Sutekh). the local god of the capital. Avaris, who became, of cinnse. the oflicial patron of the Kings, but did not dispossess any other cults. The revolt against Apopi (11.?) was started by Sqenen-re. the Prince of Thebes (which of the three princes of that name is doubtful), and lasted for long years, extending through the reigns of two short- lived Theban princes (Kames and Snekhten-rO). The princes of the nomes north of Thebes were annihilated in the war of independence, as they do not seem to have joined the national cause. When Amasis I. (Ahmosc. c.lOOO n.c.) ascended the throne, the Phara<ihs of the foreign dynasty seem to have been almost completely expelled, but they sustained a long siege in their last stronghold. Avaris. This city fell in the third or fourth year of Amasis Ahmnse and "the sur- viing inhabitants were distributed as slaves. The strange statement in Jlancthb that Mis- ])bragmuthosis (i.e. Thothmes III., e. 1.500 B.C.) took Avaris and allowed the remainder of the Hyk(us)sos to retire to Syria, is, of course, erroneous. No remarkable buildings of the Hyk(us)sos Kings have survived: only traces of temple restorations in Rubastis and the modern Gebelen. Possibly their constructions were de- stroyed after the expulsion. A considerable part of SjTia .seems to have been tributary to them, but the small stone lion bearing the name of Apopi (I.?), found .at Bagdad on the Tigris, can- not be considered to prove that these monarchs ruled as far as Babylonia. The whole of this interesting portion of Eg^-ptian history is very obscure. Consult: Koch, De Rcgibus Pastoribua (Marburg, 1844) ; Chabas, Les pasleurs en Liji/ple (Amsterdam, 1808); V. M. MUller, in Millciluuqtn licr vorderasiatischen Oesellscluift (Berlin, 1808). HY1.A (Xeo-Lat.. from Gk. ti/r/, hiflC. wood). The typical genus of the tree-frog family, liylida'; hence the word is often used as a name for tree- frogs in general, especially the conuuon variable one ( Ih/la versicolor) of North .merica. See Tree-Fboi;. HYXiE'US (Lat., from Gk. 'T/.aioi, Uylaioa, wooilmani. In Greek mythology, an Arcadian centaur who jiursued Atalanta and was slain by her. In other legends he falls in the light against the Lapitha-, or is slain by Hercules. HYLAS, hi'lus ( Lat., from Gk. "T/.osi. In Greek legend, son of Theodamas or Theiomenes. favorite of Hercules, who took him on the Ar- gonautic exiicdition. In Jlysia, near the mouth of the Cios, while drawing water from a spring be was made captive by the nym])h of the place. Hercules returned in sorrow to Greece, taking with him hostages of the Mysians, and requiring that they should continiu> the search for his lie- loved. The story was developed by the later Greek writers, and seems to have arisen from a Mysian religious festival, where a priest thrice called the name of Hylas. Consult Mannhardt, M llllioIo(ji.<!chc lorschiin(icii (Strassburg. 1884). HYLLESTED, hi.il'lc-stcd, Augv.st (1858—). A .'Swedish pianist and composer, born of Danish parents, at Stockholm, Sweden. He showed great musical precocity, playing in public when only live years old. He studied under Holgcr Dahl in Copenhagen, until 18(in. and then, after mak- ing a concert tour in i^caiidinavia. entered the Koyal Conservatory of Copenliagen. In 1S70 he was appointed organist of the cathedral there, and director of the N'vkj^ibing Falster. a musical society. Three years later he studied w-ith KuUak and Kiel in Berlin, leaving there to be- come a pupil of Liszt. He made many notable concert tours in Europe and America, and was the recipient of numerous honors. He was as- sistant director of the Chicago Music College ( 188()-ni ). and director of the piano deiiartmeiit in the Gottschalk Lyric School ( lS!tl-'.l4 1 . In the latter }-ear he went to Europe for an extended concert tour, and upon his return, in 1897, set- tled in Chicago. His compositions, the most popular of which are his songs and piano pieces, include: the symphonic poem, Eli:ahclh, for full orchestra and double chorus; .Si/i/e romaniique ; ilarrhr Iriotnphale, etc. HYL'LUS (Lat., from Gk. 'T/ynr). The son of Hercules and Deianira, married at his father's command to lole. When Eurystheus was re- jnilsed by the Ileraclidie with the aid of the Athenians, Hyllus slew him as he fled. Adopted by the Dorian .Egimius in Thessaly, he gained the leadership of the Dorians for himself and his descendants. Having invaded the Peloponnesus in obedience to a command of the Delphic oraelo to seize the Kingdom of Eurystheus 'after the third fruit,' he was unsuccessful and was killed in combat by King Echemus of Tegea. The oracle was fulfilled in the persons of his great- grandsons Temenus. Cresphontes. and Aristo- demus. who after the third generation conquered the Peloponnesus.