Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/60

HEXATEUCH. general opinion is that the Priests' Code grew up in Babylon. Eduanl Meyer repinls Ezra as its author. lUit the unity of this hi>ok has louf; iK-en questioned. Pupper (IHtiJ) showed that Kx. XXXV. .vl. and Lev. viii.x. are liy a dilTer- ent hand from that whieh wrote Ex. xxv.- xxxi. Klosterinann (1W77) indicated a .sepa- raU' authorship for the Holiness C'ude ( l^v. xvii.-xxvi.). Baentsch (1901) and Uerthelot (lUOl) agree in refjardinj; Ix-v. i.-vii. and Lev. xi.-xv. as indcpenilent minor eode.s. Graf (1S71) and Maybaum (ISSO) su^'<;esled that the priestly writer was only a supplementer of the earlier text. Klostermann (ISll.'i) eonsiilered this writer as the editor of the Penlateuch. Sehmiilt ( 1002) also thinks that the so-called Priestly Doeunient never existed as a. sep.irate code, hut consists of a colleetiiin of laws. Illustrative stories, annota- tions, and comments adcleil to the already exist- inp books bv the priesthood in .Jerusalem, chielly during the I'lrsian perioil. .s the Hook of .Joshua has been subjected to a thoroujih priestly redac- tion, while ilie books of .lud<res. Samuel, and Kinps have only been edited by men writ inf.' in the spirit of l)eut<rononiv. the questinn natiirally arises why •loshua should have fareil dKrerciitly from the rest of the "fornier proy)hets.' The answer aenerally fjiven is that the I'rieslly Docu- ment ended with the coiKiuest of Canaan, and that the Book of Joshua was cut «IX from the once existing Hexateueli. Hut Kdiiard Meyer is probably right in holdin-r that there never was any llexateuch. but that the Law, Joshua, Judpe.^, Sanuiel, and Kinps once formed one preat historic work. This seems to have been essen- tially a Deiiteronomistic work. The additions made in priestly circles afTected some facts more than others. .s the .section dcalinp with events up to the death of Moses came to be reparded as 'the Law.' the rest formed a class by them- selves. The division of the Law into five parts probably does not po back to the time when the Book of .Toshua formed a part of the preat work. The term Hoxateuch is therefore likely to disappear, while the observations that led to its use are seen to be accurate, and the theory framed to account for them is recognized ase.ssen- tially sound. Bim.iooKAPiiY. Consult the later commentaries on the Imnks of the llexateui'b : thi' introductions to the Old Testament of lileek-Wellhausen, Cor- nill. Driver, Kiinip. and Wildeluwi ; the Hebrew histories of Kittel and I'iepenbrinp, which include discussions of literary sources: the article "Hcx- jiteueh" by Cheyne in the Knciirlnpaiiin Jiihlin ; id., by Wood, in the llastinps Dirtioiinrii of the HihJe : W'estphiil. I.rs soiirrr.x ilu I'l nl'itriirh fParis, ISS8-18!>21 : Kiienen. Thr Ilrxntcurh ( Enp. trans., London, ISSfii ; Wellhauscn. Dir Cotnpnxition flrx UrTHliiirh (Berlin. 188!)1 ; RolKTtsnn Smith, Thr Old Tislnmr,,! in Ihe Jriiish Churrh (2d ed., Edinbiirph. 18021; Addis. Dnmmcnfx of the Hfrntrtirh (T^on- don, 1802-08) : Holzinper. EiiiJeiluiifi in ifrn Hexateueh (Freiburp, 180."?) : Klostermnnn, Itei- Ir/ifje zur Entfttehnnqn-ffrfirhirhtr rlrx Prntti- ieurhs (Lcipzip, 1804) ; Battcrslcv-Cnrpcntcr, Thr Eea-nteuch (London. 1000): Kaut/sch. Die heilir/e firhrift den Altrn Trstnmrntfi (Freiburp, 1806: Enp. trans.. New York. 1800). a clear and concise survey of the sacred literature of the Hebrews. For arpuments in support of the traditional view, consult Green. Mosns and the 46 HEYDEMANN. I'rophets (Xew York, 1883); id., The Hcbrmo /■'tastn (ih., 1880) ; and the series of articles by HarfM-r and tireen in Uebraicu, vols, v.-viii. (IH8t)-02), See the articles upon the books of the Hexaleuch; also Kix)ill8T A.M) Yaiiwist; Ezra; Kzkkiicl; Pentati-h cii. HEXIIAM. . market town in Northumber- laml, Kiipland, on the Tyne, 20 miles west of ^ewcastle (.Map: Enpland, D 2). It has inter- estinp remains of a splendid twelfth-century abbey church, erected on the site of a structure built by Saint Wilfrid about 07o, the crypt of which was ree<'iitly discovered. Hexham is the see of a Homan Catholli' diocese. Coal and barytes are mined in the vicinity. The town wsis the scene of a Lancastrian defeat in 14(14. Popu- lation, in 1801, 5000; in 1001, 7100. Consult: Baine, Thr I'riory of llcxham, Itn Chruniilirs, Kndoirmrnts, and Annuls. Surtees Society (Lon- don, 18(14-0.5) : Hewitt, Hexham and Its Anti- ijuities (Hexham, 1870). HEY, hi, JiLirs (18.'12— ), A German sinp- iupteacher, important for his elforls to further Wapner's views on vocal training. He was born at Irinel.shansen, and studied music under !•', Schmitt and 1". Lachner. He was introduced to Wapner by Kinp Louis II., and. in connection with the -Munich Scliool of Jlusic, attempted a revolution of the natinnal system of sinpinp. His attempts failed, and on Wagner's death, in IS.S.I, he retired from public life to complete his work "11 sinpinp, Diiilsrhrr (IrsaniisuntcrrichI (188t>). -Vlthouph unsuccessful in his ellorts to overturn the existing methods of voice culture. Hey exer- cised a ](Owerfiil inlluenee on the contemporary schools of sinpinp. HEY, WiLiiELM (1700-lS.i4). A Crf'rnian fab- ulist, lie was born at Leina, was educated at .Tena. and successively became jmstor at Tfittel- stiidt (1818). Court preacher at Gotha. and su- perintendent at lehtcrshausen. His more famous works, issued anonvniouslv. Fiinfriii Fnhrhi fiir Kinder (18.T-{). and Xoch'fihifzifi Fnhrhi (1837), were followed by poems called Frziihiiivpen axis drm Lrhrn ■Ir.iii (1848). Consult Hansen, Wi7- /if/»i Ilr,, (Gotha. 1880). HEYDEBRAND TJNB DEB, LAS A, lii'dC- br-int uiit .ler l;i'7.;i. PassILO von (181809). . (Jermaii authority on chess, born at Potsdam. He was for a time German .mbassador to Copen- hapen. The possessor of one of the larpest li- braries on chess in the world, he wrote the Hand- burh drs Srharhspielrs. which apj)i'arcd under the name of Bilpuer, and Lritfndm fiir Krhnrhyiiirlrr (f.th ed. 1880). With Frank he edited the old Portupiiese work on the game by Damiano (1857). HEYDEMANN. bi'dcman, HKiMticii (1842- 80). . Gentinn arcli:i'fili)pist. He was horn at Greifswald. and studied at Tiibinpen, Bonn. Greifswald. and Berlin. His specialty, the study of vases, took him to Italy and Greece, and in ISfiO he became instructor in archa-nlogy at the Cniversity of Berlin. Five years after- wards he went to Halle as professor of archspol- opy. Most of his writing was for the journals, Annnl! drlV hisliliilti. Arrhiinhiqiarhr Zriliinq, and Zrllsrhrifl fiir hildrndr Kunst. .monp his other works are: //iH/ifr.ii.i (1800); Orierhisehe Vasenhildrr (1870); /)i> VaKrnsammhinqen de.t ^fu.<lco zirmale zu en;>cl (1872) : Terrakotten