Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/68

HIBISCUS. 54 HICKORY. which have a fnigrance intermediate betwet-n musk and amber, and which are mnth us<'d hy perfumers. In Kgypl and Araliia. these seeds are mixed wUh eollee. and stimulant ;ind sl<mi- achic qualities arc asorilH'd to them. The |H-tals of Hixbicus roxn-siiiensia are astrin;;ent, and are used by tiie Chinese to blacken their I'vebrows and their shoes. A numl>er of species of Hibiscus are cultivated as urnamental plants in the United .States. There are also several indigenous species. HICCOUGH, hik'kilp, or HICCUP. Sudden short, ciinvnisive inspirations, attended with a peculiar .sound produced in the laryn. by the inrush of air. The movements concerned in tlio production of hiccouj;li are a spasmodic con- traction of the dia])hraf;m, and a certain deyree of constriction in the {rlottis., which occasions the peculiar sound, and limits the amount of air inspired. These convulsive inspirations common- ly succeed each other at intervals of a few seconds. The paroxysm may last only a few minutes; or may extend to hours or days, in which case it may l>e dangerous to life, from the exhaustion which it cau-cs. Ovcrdistciition of the stomach, the ingestion of cold water, exces- sive acidity, etc.. will provoke it. Certain dis- ea.ses are frequently attended by hiccough. It o<'curs occasionally after severe hemorrhage, in de- bilitating diseases, pneumonia, peritonitis, appen- dicitis, etc., in which cases it is a grave symptom. When the attack is slight it may often be stopped by making a very full inspiration, and then holding the breath as long as possible, the diaphragm lieing thus held in a state of voluntary contraction. A drink of water gives relief in ordinary cases. In more obstinate ca.ses, aro- matic spirit of ammonia, camphor, musk, etc., may be resorted to. When hiccough continues for an hour or more and the exhaustion is great, an an.-esthetic may be necessary. HICH'BORN, Piiii.li> (IS.W— ). An Ameri- can nav.il olliicr. He was born in Charlesloun, JIass., studied in the Boston High School, was a shipwright apprentice in the Boston Navy- Yard, and, having gone to California in IStiO. became master shipwright of the Mare Island Navv- Yard ( 18f.2). He entered the Navy in IHCill, with rank of lieutenant, and served as assistant naval constructor until 187.>, when he was coniniis- sioned full constructor. Four years afterwards Hichl)orn was sent to Kurope to report on for- eign dock-yards, and his book on this subject is a standard text-book. Having served (m the Board of Inspection and Surgery, in 1881 he was ap- pointed to the Naval .Advisory Board. In that capacity and as chief constructor (appointed 1893 and 1807) he was prominently connected with the construction of the new navy. He was retired lliOl. with the grade of rear-admiral. HICH^ENS, Robert Smytiie (lSfi4— ), An Kngli«h novelist, born at Spelilhurst. in Kent. He was eilucatcd at Clifton College, the Koyal College of Music, and the London School of .Journalism, and became a member of the staff of the l,ondon TTorW. He began early to vrite musical lyrics and stories. His fh-frn Cnrnnlion (1804), published anonymously and attributed to Oscar Wilde, created a sensation. It is a satire on (he decadents. .Among succeeding nov- els are: .In Imnqinnlirr ^fnn (ISn.T): f'lnmen (1897); The Slave (1899); Tongues of Con- science, short stories (1900); The Projthet of UvikeUy Square (1901) ; and Fclij; (1902). He has also collaborated in successful plays, as The Midicinv Man and Beeky •Sharp. HICKES, Geobge ( l(i421715). An English non-juring clergyman, philologist, and author. He was born at Newshaui, Yorkshire; studied at Northallerton (Jranunar School, then proi'eed- ed as sizar to Oxford, where he grailuated B.A. In H)04 he received a fellowship of Lin- coln College, and the following year received his M..A. degrw. He took holy orders in HJtili. was a tutor (or several years, visited France in 1073, was appointed rector ot .Saint Elbe. Oxford, in 1075. and in ll)7ti became chaplain to the Duke of Lauderdale, whom ho accompanied on his journey as High Conunissioner to Scotland. Sev- eral rapid |>romotions culminated in a chaplain- cy to ■lames II. and the Deanship of Worcester ("l08,S). At Worcester his study of the tk-r- manic languages resulted in the publication of the Anfito-Saxon aiid Maso-flolhic Oraniinar (KiSO). At the time of the Kevolution he rcfust'd to take the oath of allegiance to William and Marj'. and was de[irivcd ol his benelices. In l(i!l3 he visited the exiled King at Saint tiermains, with a mis- sion from the non-juring clergj- for coordinate action in regard to the continuance of their episcopal rights, and in 1094 he was consecrated by their leaders as SulFragan Bishop of Thelford. His subsequent i)ublieations in controversial and practical divinity were numerous. His greatest work is Liniiuiirnm Vclcrum Septcnlrinnaliuin, Thcsauruni (Iraniuialico-Vritirum el Arrhcrulor/i- cum (3 vols.. 17030;')). .mong his other writ- ings are: Ciinlroirntial Letters (1710) ; Sermons i 1711 1 : and a volume of Posthumous Discourses, published in 172li. HICK'EY, K.MILY Hknrietta (1845—). An English poet, born at M.acmine Castle. Wexford, Irelan<l. With F. J. Fumlvall she founded the Browning .Sotdety ( IS81 ). and she became known as a lecturer. In 1902 she edited Uarelok the Dane, a Middle-English romance. Among her volumes of jiocms are: A Sculptor and Other Poems (1881); Verse Talc» (1889); Michael Villiers, /deulist. and Other Poems (1891); Poems (189."i); Our Lady of May and Other Poems (1902). HICK'OK, LAtitENS Perseus (1798-1888). An .Americiin writer on philosophy. He was born in Bethel, Conn.: was pastor at Newtown, Kent, and Litchfield. Conn. (1822-36) ; professor of theology in Western Reser'e College. Ohio (1830-44): professor in Auburn Theological Seminarv' (1844.52): professor of mental and moral science in I'nion College, and vice-presi- dent (18.52-00) and president (1806-68). After his resignation of the last-named ofTice, Dr. Hick- ok resided at Amherst, Mass. Among his pub- lished works are: Moral Science (1853) : Mental Science (1854); national Cosmology (1858); lialinnal Psychology (1801); Humanity Immor- tal (1872) -.Creator and Creation (1872) ; Logic of Reason (1874). He died May 6. 1888. HICK'ORY. A town in Catawba County, N. C., .^i) miles northwest of Charlotte: on the Southern Railway (Map: North Carolina. A 2). It is the .seat of Lenoir College (Lutheran), opened in 1891. an<l of the Claremont Female College, opened in ISSO, and has Saint Paul's Lutheran .Seminary and other educational insti-