Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/832

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IOWA.
738
IOWA.

industry is rapidly developing, the total number of trees for all fruits having more than doubled during the decade 1890-1900. Over 71 per cent. of the total are apple-trees. Grapes and small fruits are successfully grown.

Stock-Raising. Stock-raising is naturally associated with the raising of corn, oats, and forage crops. Compared with other States, stock-raising holds a still higher rank than the raising of crops. Texas alone rivals Iowa in the value of live stock, and is the only State which exceeds it in the number of cattle. Iowa is far in advance of all others in the number of swine, and leads also in the number of horses. A very low rank, however, is taken in the number of mules and sheep. The number of neat cattle, horses, and swine has increased for every decade between 1850 and 1900. The decrease in the number of dairy cows, as shown by the census for the decade 1890-1900, is probably due to the change in the method of making the count, and is therefore more apparent than real. Much attention is given to the improvement of the breed of stock, and the effect of this is shown in the high average of the per head value. The number of dairy cows being exceeded only in New York, the value of the dairy product is naturally great. $18,819,000 being realized from the sales of these products for the year 1899, of which amount $12,275,000 represented the receipts from milk. The value of poultry and eggs was even greater, being $19,508,000. The following tables show the number of acres devoted to the leading crops and the number of domestic animals for the census years 1890 and 1900:


 YEAR  Corn,
acres
Oats,
acres
Wheat,
acres
Barley,
acres
Flax,
acres
Hay and
forage,
(acres)
 Potatoes, 
acres








1900  9,804,076   4,695,391   1,689,705   627,851   126,453   4,644,378  175,888
1890  7,585,522  3,752,141    585,548  518,729  230,085  5,490,027 ?



 YEAR  Dairy
cows
 Other neat 
cattle
Horses  Mules and 
asses
Sheep Swine







1900  1,423,648   3,943,982   1,392,573  57,579  657,568   9,723,791 
1890  1,498,418   3,397,132   1,312,079  41,648  547,394   8,266,779 

Manufactures. Iowa's prosperity is based upon agriculture and not manufacturing. Notwithstanding the excellence of the transportation facilities and the abundant coal-supply, the State depends upon the East in a large measure for its manufactured supplies, and a large portion of the farm products of the State are shipped to outside points to be manufactured. In the decade 1880-90 the number of wage-earners engaged in manufacturing increased 79.9 per cent., while in the following decade the increase was 14.7 per cent. The wage-earners in 1900 numbered 58,500, or 2.6 per cent. of the population. The total value of products, including custom work and repairing, was $164,617,800. Of this, $22,236,700 represented the products of hand trades. The remainder represents manufactures proper, which include a great variety of industries.

Comparative Summary of Eleven Leading Industries


INDUSTRIES  Year  Number of
 establishments 
 Wage-earners, 
 average number 
Value of
 products, including 
 custom work and 
repairing





Total for selected industries for State 
1900 3,821  27,108  $95,924,681 
1890 2,613  28,707  79,751,171 








Increase, 1890 to 1900 ...... 1,208  1,659  $16,173,510 
Per cent. of increase ...... 46.2  5.8  20.3 
 
Per cent. of total of all industries in State
1900 25.8  46.3  58.3 
1890 35.1  56.4  63.8 
 
Slaughtering and meat-packing
1900 27  2,887  25,695,044 
1890 29  2,575  23,425,576 
Cheese, butter, and condensed milk, factory product 
1900 907  1,133  15,846,077 
1890 497  2,355  10,545,182 
Flouring and grist-mill products
1900 702  1,285  13,823,083 
1890 441  1,248  11,833,737 
Food preparations
1900 16  609  3,604,031 
1890 147  900,811 
Lumber and timber products
1900 264  2,793  8,677,058 
1890 143  6,819  12,056,302 
Lumber, planing-mill products,
 including sash, doors, and blinds
1900 65  2,372  5,295,546 
1890 46  1,983  3,588,856 
Carriages and wagons
1900 211  1,692  3,931,067 
1890 294  1,602  3,168,545 
Cars and general shop construction
 and repairs by steam railroad companies
1900 58  5,497  6,221,378 
1890 41  3,812  4,473,089 
Printing and publishing: Total
1900 1,025  4,248  6,145,563 
1890 699  3,296  4,551,548 
Foundry and machine-shop products
1900 190  2,372  4,460,914 
1890 126  2,142  3,432,360 
Clay products: Total
1900 356  2,220  2,224,920 
1890 289  2,768  1,775,165 

The table above covers the eleven leading industries for the census years 1890 and 1900. It will be seen that considerably over half of the total product of these industries is ob-