Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/839

IPOMCEA. 745 Ipomaea Batatilla, Ipomaa fastigiuta, and Ipomosa digitata are souiftinies i-'iiiiiloycd in the same way as sweet potatoes, and IputiKXa inega- potamica, Ipomcea cuthartica,md Ipuniaa Jalapa have properties similar to jalap, though less ac- tive. The ornamental species are very numerotis, and are easily cultivated. Ipumun Quamoclit, the cypress vine, beautiful in both llower and foliage, is a native of tropical America, but now well established in the warmer portions of the I'nited States. Ipomoa icrsjcolor and Ipomwa purpurea, natives of Mexico and tropical Amer- ica, are among our mo.st common murniiigglories, the latter having escaped from gardens and be- come naturalized throughout nearly the whole country. The famous Japanese morning-glories are referred to as Iponiwa hederacca by some authorities. There are many strains that have been developed by selection, some of them of very great beauty. The moondowers are derived from Ipomwu lioiia-nox and Ipomau (irritidi/lora. The flowers open in the evening and close before noon of the next day. They are pure white or striped with green and very fragrant. Ipomosa fastigiuta and Ipomoca leptophi/lia. both indige- nous to the United States, are noted for their large fleshy roots, specimens weighing 20 pounds of the. former, and 100 pounds of the latter being not uncommon. They grow in dry soils, their thickened roots protecting them from injury by drought. Ipomirn fastipiala, known as man-of- flie-earth and wild potato vine, in some regions is a troublesome weed, difficult of extermination on account of its huge roots. Ipomcea arbores- cens, a Mexican species, is a tree 20 to 30 feet high, and a foot in diameter. See Plate of Ih COTYLEDONS. IPSAMBUL, ep-sam1)ool. See Abu-Simbel. IP'SUS (Lat., from Gk. 'I^os). A town of Phrygia, Asia Minor, near the modern village of Eski-kara-hissar. It is noted for the battle (B.C. 301. or as Grote attempts to show, B.C. 300) in which Antigonus and his son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, were overthrown by Seleucus and Lysimachus. Ipsus was the seat of a Christian bishop in the seventh and eighth centuries. Ipswich:, IpsVlch or ipsleh. a town of Queensland. Australia, on the Bremer, at the head of navigation. 23 miles northwest of Bris- bane, with which it has communication by steam- er and rail (Map: Queensland. H 9). It has manufactures of wixilens, and. as the centre of a rich agricultural and coalmining district, is a place of increasing business importance. Popu- lation, in 1801, 762.5: in inOI. 8li.'!7. IPSWICTH. The county-town of SufTolk. Eng- land, on the Orwell estuarv. 12 miles from the North Sea (Map: England. H 4). The older ])ortion of (he town consists of narrow and ir- regular streets and contains many quaint old houses. The ecclesiastical and public buiblings arc conspicuous. Anjong its educational institu- tions are the grammar school founded in 1477. and a workingmen's college. It has numerous benevolent institutions. It has iron-works, agri- cultural implement, tobacco, clothing, shoe, and soap factories, and ship-building establishments. Its docks and lock are commodious and admit vessels of 1400 tons. The town owns profitable real estate, wharves, and markets, and maintains baths, free library with museum and school of science, and an arboretum comprising two well- IQXTIQUE. laid-out pleasure grounds. Ipswich has sent two representacivos to Parliament since 1447. It lias Roman remains, but is first mentioned in 991 and 1000 as having Iwen sacked by Xortlimen. Numerous charters, which were superseded by the Municipal Corporations Act, date from the first granted by King John in 1199. Ponulation, iu 1891, 57.400; in 1901, 00,000. Consult Wod- derspoon, flislory of Ipsirich (Ipswich, 1850). IPSWICH. A town in Essex County, Mass., 27 miles northeast of Boston; on the Ipswich Kiver, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Mas.saehusetts, F -2). It possesses a public library and the Manning High School. The Ipswich Historical Society, founded in I'JOO, possesses a C(dleetion of old furniture, documents, etc., and its contributions to histori- cal literature also are of value. There are plan- ing and grist mills, and manufactures of hosiery, isinglass, heels, soap, imderwear, etc. The govern- ment is administered by town meetings. I'opu- lation, in 1890, 4439; "in 1900, 46.58. Ipswich was settled as Agawam in 1633 by John Win- throp and twelve associates, and in the following year the Massachusetts General Court passed a resolution that "Agawam shall be called Ips- witch" (from Ipswich, England). When in 1087 Governor Andros levied an arbitrary ta.x, the town formally protested, on the ground that this ta.x "infringed their liberty as free English sub- jects of his Majesty, and the statute law that no taxes should be levied upon his subjects without the consent of an assembly chosen by the free- holders for assessing the same." Several of its citizens were thereupon arrested and punished, one of the judges asserting that English laws did not extend to America, and that colonists had no more privileges left them "I ban not to be sold as slaves." This was one of the earliest instances of colonial resistance to arbitrary ta.Kation. Ips- wich was the home for a time of Xathaniel Ward, Anne Bradstreet. Nicholas Easton, William Hub- hard, and .lohn Norton. Consult: Hurd. History of Essex Count;/ (2 vols., Philadelphia. 1888)': the various articles in the Ipsirich Antiquarian Papers (Ipswich. 1879 — ); and an address by Kimball. "The Evolution of a New England Town," in The Celebration of the 2o0th Anni- vcrsarii of the Incorporation of the Town of Ips- uieh (Boston, 1884). IQUIQTJE, e-ke'ka. A seaport and the capital of the Department of Tarapaca, in the northern part of Chile, on the Pacific Coast (Map: South America. B .5). The town is regularly built, but lies in such an arid district that its water-supply is obtained partly by distillation of sea-water, and partly l>y transportation from Arica. In- land are the famous saltpetre-mines for which the town is the port, and with which it is con- nected by a railroad, and a few miles to the north are the silver-mines of Huantajaya. The harbor is very well sheltered, but its rocky shore and the strong surf prevent the approach of vessels nearer than two miles. Besides saltpetre, the town exports borax, iodine, and silver ores. The imports are chiefly machinery and fuel for the mines. A United States consul resides here. Population. 25.000. Tquiqtie suffered from earth- quakes in 1868 and 1877. It formerly belonged to Peru, and in 1879 was the scene of a naval liattle between Peru and Chile. I>eing occupied by the latter in the following vear. In 1891 it was