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JAMIESON. 113 JANES. abridgment, and in 1825 two supplementary vol- umes. The book, while exceedingly valuable in defi- nition and illustration, and in its exposition of Scotch customs, was originally weak in its ]ihilology. This defect was remedied, however, in a revised edition (1879-87), edited by Dr. Long- njuir and Mr. Donaldson. It is preceded by an ingenious dissertation, in which the writer en- deavors to prove that the Scottish language is really the Pictish language, and that the Picts were not Celts, but Scandinavian Goths. Among liis other publications are: Ancient Culdees of lona (1811) ; Hermes licythicus. or the Radical Affinities of the Greek and Latin Languages to the Gothic (1814) ; An Historical Account of the Royal Palaces of Scotland; Remarks on Ron- land HilV» Journal (1799). JAMIN, zha'm.'ix'. .Jules Celestix (1818- 80). An eminent French physicist, born at Termes, Ardennes. He was educated at Rheims and at the Ecole Xorniale Superieure, taught at Caen, at the College Bourbon (now Lycee Con- dorcet), and at the Louis le Grand, and in 1852. after publishing his valuable thesis on the re- flection of light from metallic surfaces (1847), became professor at the Ecole Polytechnique. from which he resigned in 1881. On the death of Despretz (1863), .Jamin succeeded him at the Sorbonne. He was elected to Pouillet's place in the Academy of Sciences (1868). of which he was secretary, 1884-86, and followed Milne-Ed- wards as dean of the Faculty of Science. An excellent botanist and geologist and a painter of some skill, .Jamin was also a versatile physicist. His contributions to the Comptes Rcndus of the Academy, numbering more than eighty, treat of the critical point of gases, capillarity, hygro- metry, compressibility of liquids, and many other subjects. I5ut his fame rests on special studies in optics, magnetism, and electricity. !Many of his articles deal with polarization and refrac- tion. As a result of his theory of magnetic distribution, .Jamin devised (1873) a very power- ful magnet, composed of many laminse, which was adopted for use in Gramme's machine. The .Jamin electric light (1879) has carbons side by side, with points down, one fixed and one ro- tary; in general it resembles those devised by AVilde and Jablochkoff. relights automatically, and casts a disadvantageous shadow. A C'ours de physique (with Boutmy, 4th ed. 1886-91), and a Petit traitc de physique (1870). were trans- lated into (Jerman, by ^Miillner and Recknagel re- spectively. .Jamin published, besides. Quclques phenomencs atmosphcriques (1880). and wrote essays in the Revue des Deux Mondes. JAMITZER, yji'mlts-er. A family of German goldsmiths. See .J.vmnitzeb. JAMMTJ, juni-mi5o'. A town and fort in the south of Kashmir. India, 25 miles north of Sial- kot by rail (Jlap: India. B 2). It was the an- cient capital of a Rajput kingdom, and it starvds amid the Himalayas, on both banks of an af- fluent of the Chenal), the town on the right side, and the fort on the left. It is the terminiis of a branch railway, and the starting-point of the busy trade route to Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley. It has interesting palaces, temples, a college, and a hospital. Since 1889 a modern sys- tem vields a good water-supply. Population, in 189i; 34,.542; in 1901. 36,130. ' JAICNA, jum'na. A river of India. Sea JUM.NA. JAMNITZEB, yiim'nits-er, JAMITZER, or GAMICZER, Uexzel (150S-85). A famou3 goldsmith of the sixteenth century, born in Vienna. With his brother Albrecht he went to Nuremberg, and there became a master work- man in 1534. His most famous works are an epergne, now at Frankfort, a drinkingbowl owned by the German Emperor, and other orna- mental pieces in the Green Vaults at Dresden, and in Munich. — Christoph (1563-1018). pos- sibly a son of Wenzel, is known for a Grotesken- buch with his engravings, a silver vase, with the triumph of Cupid in high relief (1604), now in Vienna, and a huge eagle at the Kremlin in Mos- cow (1595). JAMYN, zhi'maN', Ajwdis (c.l530-c.l593) . A Frencli poet, born at Chaource ( Aube ) . He was made secretary at the Court of Charles IX. through the influence of Ronsard, and Sainte- Beuve says his friendship with this poet is his principal claim on our interest. He translated the last twelve books of the Iliad, a continuation of the work begun l)y Hugues Salel, and the first three books of the Odyssey (1574), and brought out two volumes of poetry, (Envres poctiques (1575 and 1584). His poems were edited by Brunei with a life by Colletet (Paris, 1879). ' JANATISCHEK, ya'nou-shek, Faxny, or Fr.xziska (1830-1904). A well-known actress, bornatPrague, Bohemia,. July 20, 1830. Fromchild- hood she gave evidence of dramatic talent, and her first appearance was at her native place. After a successful experience at Cologne she became es- tablished as leading actress at Frankfort (1848). remaining till 1860. when she began a series of successful engagements in other German cities. In 1867 she came to America, playing in New York and elsewhere in the German language. Re- solved to play in English, she came again to this country in 1873. and very effectively presented Medea, Lady Macbeth, and other tragic parts. She extended her reputation by further tours in I'^irope and Australia. Init finally settled in the United States, where she appeared in less classic representations, among them }Ic<7 Merrilies and 7/ie Great Diamond Robbery (1895-961. After .her retirement she took up her residence in Brooklyn, X. Y. JANE EYRE, ar. A novel by Charlotte Bronte I Currer Bell) (1847). It is partly auto- biographical, especially in the school life and early career of the heroine, who. as governess to Rochester's ward, wins his love. Her marriage, broken off by the disclosure of Rochester's mad wife, takes place after a tragedy. This strong, unconventional story made the author famous, and is deemed her masterpiece. JANES, Edmu.nd Stoker (1807-76). An American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was born at Sheffield. JIass. : was brought up in Connecticut ; taught school there and in Xew .Jersey, and in 1830 left the study of law for the Methodist ministry. He preached in Philadelphia and Xew York, and after several vears' ser"ice as financial secretary of Dickinson College, was chosen, in 1840. to a like position in the American Bible Society. Four years after- wards he was elected bishop. He represented the American Church abroad, both in Great Britain and in the Methodist missions in Europe, and