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JEBB. 161 JEFFERSON. Richard Bentley (English Men of Letters Series, 1882); Homer (1887); A Complete Edilion of Sophocles with critical notes, comuientarj', and translation (S vols., Cambridge, 188311103) : and many other monographs on philological subjects. In 1892 he was TurnbuU lecturer at Johns Hop- kins University. The lectures there delivered were published under the title The Growth and Influence of Classical Creek Poetry (1893). JEBEIL, je-bll', or JEBAIL. A town in Sjria, Asiatic Turkey, situated near Mount Lebanon, 18 miles from Beirut. It is believed to occupy the site of the ancient city of Byblos (q.v.). Population, about 1000. JEB'EL ESH SHEIK. See Hermo.x, Mount. JECKER, zhe-kar', jE.iN B.^tiste (c.1810- 71). A Swiss banker, whose difficulties with the Me.viean Government are said to have been one of the causes which led to the French interven- tion. He was born at Porrentruy, in the Canton of Bern. About 1836 he went to Paris, where he entered the banking house of Hottinguer. His brother, who had achieved considerable fame as a physician in Mexico, persuaded him to emi- grate to that country, and there he founded a bank which soon grew to be of the first impor- tance. In 1859 President Miramon confided to it the conversion of the domestic debt, for which Jecker charged an enormous commission; but President -Tuarez refused to recognize the agree- ment which had been made by his predecessor. Jecker had further obtained from the Govern- ment authority to explore Sonora and Lower California; but in spite of this the members of his surveying parties were expelled from the territories. When Xapoleon III. decided to intervene in Jlexican affairs, Jecker ceded to the French Government for 10.000.000 francs all his rights in Sonora. In 1861 the Jlexican Government acknowledged its indebtedness to Jecker, which was fixed at 27,703,770 francs. In order to secure prompter payment, he con- sented that this sum should be reduced to 22,- fifiO.OflO francs, and should be paid in three in- stallments, the first, of 7.660.000 francs, on Oc- tober 15. 1865: the second, of 5.000.000 francs, on December 15th: and the third, of 10.000.000 francs, on February 15, 1866. The first two in- stallments were paid, but Maximilian refused to authorize the third, for this arrangement, besides being disastrous to the Mexican treasury, also compromised that of France. Marshal Ba- zainc was at first accused of having been con- cerned in this notorious transaction, but suc- rpcded in proving that it had been conducted by the French mission, aided by the French Lega- tion, and with the approval of Maximilian's Cabi- net, .lecker returned to France, was arrested by the Commune in 1871, and shot on May 26th. JEDBURGH, jed'bflr-u. The capital of Rox- burghshire. .Scotland, on the Jed. 14 miles east- southeast of Selkirk (Map: Scotland. F 4). It has the interesting remains of the magnificent Abbey of Austin Canons, founded by King David I. in Ills, and of a castle in which !Malcolm the Maiden died, and William the Lion, .lexan- der II.. and other Scottish kings frequently re- sided. Population, in 1S91. 3397: in 1901. 2222. Consult Watson, Jedhurgh Abbey (Edinburgh, 1877). JEDTJAH. A city of Arabia. See .JiDD. . JEEJEEBHOY, je'jeb-hoi', Sir JAM.SETJEE (1783-1859). A Parsi merchant prince and phi- lanthropist, bom in Bombay. At an earh' period he showed a great ajJtitude for mercantile pur- suits, and in consequence his father-in-law, Framjee Pestonjee, a Bombay merchant, took him into jjartnership. While still young he visit- ed most of the maritime countries of Asia, be- sides Egypt, Syria, and England. By the year 1820, when he had completed his twentieth year of business, he had amassed an immense for- tune, and was universally acknowledged to be the first merchant in the East. He now began to manifest on a magnificent scale his benevo- lence, and between 1822 and 18.58 gave upward of $1,000,000. Parsi and Christian, Hindu and Mussulman, were 'alike the objects of his benefi- cence. Queen Victoria conferred on him the honor of knighthood. Other honors followed, and in 1857 he was made a baronet of the L'nited Kingdom. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Cursetjee Jamsetjee .Jeejeebhoy, who. in accordance with his father's will, took his father's name. JEFFERIES, jef'riz, Richard (1848-87). An English author, born near Swindon, Wiltshire, Xovember 0. 1848. Being wild and restless, he attempted to run away to America wlien only sixteen years old. Later he began to write for the papers, and published novels of no moment. He went to London in 1876, and was soon known by his Gamekeeper at Home (1877). a remarkable series of nature studies originally contributed to the Pall Mall Gazette. This book was followed by Wild Life in a Southern Count)/ (1879), and other similar but less artistic books on nature. He now took up the novel again, enduing it with the most subtle appreciation of nature to be found in the entire range of English fiction. His finest work is represented in Wood Magic, depicting the life of animals (1881), and Beds (1882). In a difi'erent vein is the powerfully conceived After London, a romance of England after she shall have lapsed into a wilderness (18S5). •Teff'eries died in poverty at Goring. Essex. August 14, 1887. Consult Besant. Eulogy of Richard Jef- f erics (Xew York. 18S8). JEF'FERSON. A city and the county-seat of Marion County, Tex.. 48 miles northwest of Shrevcport, La. ; on the navigable Cypress Bayou, and on the Texas and Pacific and the ilissouri, Kansas and Texas railroads (Map: Texas, G 3). It is in a region rich in iron ore; has extensive foundries, machine-shops, and iron-furnaces, cottonseed-oil mills, and several sawmills; and is an important shipping-point for cotton, prod- uce, live stock, etc. The cultivation of vege- tables is extensively carried on in the vicinity. The county court-house. United States Govern- ment building, and an iron bridge across the Bayou are the leading architectural features of the city. .Tefferson was settled in 1S50. and first incorporated in 1866. It is coverned under a general law of 1875. which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a council. Population, in 1890, .1072: in 1900. 28.50. JEFFERSON. A city and the county-seat of .TeflTerson County, Wis.. 49 miles west of Mil- waukee ; at the junction of the Rock and Craw- fish rivers, and on the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad (Map: Wisconsin, E 6). It has the