Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/446

KARNAK. 404 KARR. hall, one of the grandest works of Egj-ptian archi- tecture, is 171 feet in length by 338 feet in breadth, and its roof was supported by 134 col- umns arranged in sixteen rows, the two central rows being considerably higher than the rest. The roof of the nave or central portion of the hall was sup]X)rted by the two central rows of columns and by square pillars resting upon the adjoining rows of columns on either side, the spaces between the square pillars Ix'ing left open for the admission of light and air. The height of the nave from floor to roof was about 78 feet, while that of the lateral portions measured some 46 feet. Botli columns and walls are rielily dec- orated with reliefs and inscriptions, many of ■which still retain the brilliant colors with which they were painted. The reliefs on the outer sur- face of the walls represent the victories of Scti I. and Ranieses If. in their Syrian and Libyan campaigns. Of special interest are the repre- sentations of the siege of Kadcsh on the Orontes by Rameses H., and the inscriptions containing the treaty of peace concluded by the same mon- arch with the Hittites, and the so-called Epic of Pentaur celebrating the prowess of the King at the battle of Kadesh. The text of the former in- scription, with a translation and commentary, was publisliwl by Prof. W. :M. Miiller, in Mit- theilungen dcr Vorderasiatischeii (leselhchaft (vol. vii., part 5, Berlin. 1902). From the upper end of the hypostyle hall a pylon gate, built by Amenophis III. and now in ruins, leads to an open court, in the centre of which is an obelisk (76 feet high) erected by Thothmes I. Near it lie the fragments of a companion obelisk erected to the same monarch. Beyond the obelisks are the ruins of a pylon erected by Tliothmes I., and beyond this the remains of a court adorned with columns and with colossal statues of Osiris. In the centre of this court are two great obelisks erected by Queen Hatasu. One of them has fallen; the other, which still stands erect, meas- ures 97'/. feet in height, and is the tallest Egyp- tian obelisk in existence. (See Obelisk.) From this court a pylon gate, built by Thothmes I., gives entrance to a similar court, and thence an- other pylon, the work of Thothmes III., leads to a vestibule opening into the sanctuary, which is adorned with reliefs representing religious sub- jects, and is surrounded by a number of small chambers. To the rear of the sanctuary are the scanty remains of the oldest portion of the building, the temple of the Twelfth Dynasty. Far- ther back are the hypostyle hall of Thothmes III. and a number of smaller halls, corridors, and chambers. From the central court containing the obelisks of Thothmes I., a succession of courts and pylon gates leads to an entrance in the southern side of the great temple inclosure, and thence an avenue of sphinxes leads to the ruined temple of the goddess Mut and the sacred lake behind it. In the southwestern corner of the great inclosure is the temple of the Theban moon- god Chons (q.v.). built by Rameses III., and em- bellished by several of his successors. A fine pylon (60 feet high) forms the entrance, and from it an avenue of sphinxes ran in a southerly direction until it intersected a similar avenue leading from Luxor (q.v.). From the intersec- tion another avenue ran eastward until it met the avenue leading from the temple of Ammon to that of his divine consort Mut. To the north of -the inclosure surrounding the great temple of Ammon are the ruins of a temple dedicated to the Theban war god ilont (q.v.). Consult: Descrip- tion de I'Egifpte (Paris, 1809-29) ; Lepsius, ite/ifc- miiler (Berlin, 1849-58) ; DUmichen, (Seschichte des alten Aeyyplcns (Berlin, 1878) ; JIaspero, Archioloffie igyptienne (Paris, 1887); Wilkin- son, Topography of Thebes (London, 183.5) ; ilariettc, Karnak (Leipzig, 187.5) ; Baedeker, Aegypten (4th ed., Leipzig, 1897). See, also, THEnES. KAROLYI, kii'roly*. Counts. An Hungarian family whose ancestral seat, Nagy-Kilroly. is in the County of Szatmflr. They sprang from the Kaplyon familj-, which flourished in the thirteenth century. ^Iichael Kabolyi was raised to the rank of baron in 1609, and his grandson, Alexander, became a count in 1712. The latter was a gen- eral under Riikoczy during his struggle against the Hapsburgs, but, being left in command of the insurgent forces by RSkficzy's retirement into Poland, made peace with the King, and was later appointed a field-marshal. — Count Alois (1825- 89) became in 1871 Austrian Ambassador at Ber- lin, was the second Austrian Plenipotentiary at the Berlin Congress (1878), and was Ambassador to England (1S78-88). KARPELES, kiir'pc-les, Gustav ( 1848— ) ^ An Austrian litiiary critic and liistorian, born of Jewish stock in Eiwanowitz, Moravia. He studied at Breslau, and. after journalistic activity there, in 1877 removed to Berlin, where he was asso- ciated with Spielhagen as editor of Westermann's Monatshejte until 1882. Karpeles is one of the foremost of Heine scholars, and the author of an Autohiogruphie, collected from the poet's letters and works! 1888), and of i/cine. Aus scinem Lehen ■and aus seiner Zeit (1899). His further bio- graphical sketches include: Ludwig Borne ( 1870) ; yikolaus Lenau (1873); Friedrich Hpiclhugcn (1889); Goethe in Polen (1889); and Graf Moltke als Redner (1890). But his more valu- able work is such essays on .Jewish literature as Die Frauen in der jiidischen Littcratur (1871), and the two great histories: Geschichfe der jiidischen Litteratur (1886) and AUgemeine Geschichte der Litteratur (1891; 2d ed. 1901). In English he published Jeicish Literature {ISS5) and A Sketch of Jewish History (1897). KARPINSKI, kiir-pen'ske. Fraxciszek (1741-1825). A Polish lyric poet. He was horn at Holoskow, Galicia, received instruction from the Jesuits in Stanislawow, and studied theology and law in Lemberg. In 1783 he became secre- tary to Prince Adam Czartoryski, and afterwards attracted the attention of the King, Stanislas Augustus. Later he retired to the country. In appreciation of his poems the King gave Kar- pinski two estates in 1794. The best of his works are his elegies, idylls, and songs, of which many are still heard among all classes throughout Poland. His collected works were published by Dmochowski in four volumes (Warsaw, 1804; new edition, in three volumes, Cracow, 1802). His autobiography was published by Moraezewski in Lemberg (2d ed. 1849). A monument to his memory was erected in Kolomea in 1880 on the anniversar' of his birth (October 4th). KARB, kiir. Alphon'SE (1808-90). A French novelist, journalist, and satirist, who began his literary career as a contributor to the Figaro. and won his first success by exploiting an un- happy love afTair in Sous les tiUeuls (1832). The