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ITALY. 53 ITCH. (2 vols., Boston, 1893) ; Chiala, Dal congresso di Plotnbieres al congresso di Berlino (1892) ; Ber- sezio, II regno di Vitlorio Eminanuele (8 vols., 1878-95) ; ilistralK Da Sovara a Roma (5 vols., 1870-79), for the period 1849-70; Grattina, Stcrria d'ltalia (1882), for the period 1866-80; Orsi, ilodeni Italy. 17JiS-lS9S, translated from the Italian and published in "Stories of the Nations Scries" (Xew York, 1900) ; Cesaresco, The Lib- erntinn of Italy, 1815-10 (London, 189.5); Arangio-Ruiz, Storia costituzionale del regno d'Ifrilia IS-'iS-OS (Florence, 1899). For detailed bibliojrraphy. consult Langlois, Manuel de bibli- ographic historiquc (Paris, 1896). ITALY, Free Church ix. An organization established by the Italian patriot and reformer Alessandro Gavazzi (q.v. ) in 1870. He brought together twenty-three scattered independent con- gregations in a General Assemblj-. In 1874 a confession of faith was prepared, and the name Free Church in Italy was adopted. This con- fession was a declaration of the principles held by all evangelical Christians, and the Free Church is in harmony with the Waldensian and other Protestant churches. The constitution is partly Presbyterian and partly Congregational or Independent, the General Assembly being com- posed of deputies from the churches, and each church independent of all the others in local affairs. The General Assembly appoints the com- mittee that superintends the entire work, and the funds collected by the commissioners are remitted directly to that committee. In 1891, by royal decree, the title C'hiesa Evangelica Italiana was given to the Church. It has spread rapidly. Among its buildings is the old Church of San Jacopio in Florence, bought and presented by friends in Great Britain. The theological semi- nary, in which Gavazzi was professor of sacred rhetoric, was originally near the Vatican in Rome, but in 1891 was removed to Florence. The city of Florence gives an annual bounty to one or more of the Free Church schools. In 1901 the Church numbered 36 congregations, 14 ministers, and 1831 communicants. ITAS'CA (named by Schoolcraft, its discover- er, from the barbarous Latin Veritas caput, true head or source; Indian name Omuskosesagaue- goum ) . One of the numerous little lakes around the headwaters of the Mississippi and generally considered as the source of the great river, though the remotest source is a little rivulet rising a few miles to the south of the lake and emptying into it (Jlap: Jlinnesota, C 3). It is situated on the border of Beltrami and Cass coun- ties in the north central part of Jlinnesota at an elevation of 1462 feet. It is about eight miles in circumference and surrounded by beautiful pine- covered hills. The Mississippi issues from the north end of the lake 10 to 12 feet wide and about a foot deep. ITATA AFFAIR. In American history, an affair arising from the seizure by the L'nited States in 1891, for an alleged infraction of her neutral- ity laws, of a vessel, the Itata, owned by insur- gents against the Government of Chile. In April, 1891, this vessel was ordered to California for the purpose of receiving a large quantity of arms and munitions which an agent of the insurgent party had purchased in the United States with a view to sending them to Chile for the use of the insurrectionary forces. During her vovage to California the Itata had on board several small cannon and a few old muskets, and at a Chilean port took on board tweUe soldiers to serve as stokers. At Cape San Lucas the cannon and ammunition, together with the arms and uni- forms of the soldiers, were packed in the hold of the vessel. The arms and ammunition purchased in Xew York, having been shipped to San Fran- cisco, were loaded on a schooner, afterwards were transferred to the Itata off the southern coast of California, and in due time the vessel proceeded on her way to Chile. By direction of the Attor- ney-General of the United States, an effort had been made to detain her, on the ground that the neutrality laws of the country were being violat- ed, but she succeeded in escaping from the officers left in charge of her. The cruiser Charleston was then sent in pursuit. The Itata was overtaken on June 4th, was compelled to surrender to Rear- Admiral Brown., and was given over to the cus- tody of the United States District Court at San Diego for trial, on the charge of violating the neu- trality laws of the United States. Upon trial it was held that the facts, as set forth above, did not constitute the fitting out of a hostile expedition against a government with which the L'nited States was at peace, and that the mere purcha.se and transportation of arms to a party of insur- gents in a foreign country in the ordinary course of trade was not a violation of the neutral duty of the L'nited States or a violation of her neutral- ity laws. The affair aroused considerable excite- ment in the United States, and loud complaints were made of the manner in which the authority of the L'nited States was defied by the officers of the vessel at San Diego. ITATIAIA, e-ta-tg-i-ya. The highest moun- tain in Brazil. It is over 9000 feet high. ITCH (AS. gycpa, from gicean, OHG. jucchan, Ger. jucken, to itch), also called Scabies and Psora. A parasitic disease of the skin, due to the presence of the larv* or mature specimens of the Acurus (or Sarcoptes) scabiei, which bur- rows into the integument. The lesions are caused more by the scratching of the patient than by the presence of the insect. The resulting erup- tion is multiform, papules, vesicles, and large enchymatous pustules occurring, besides crusts and scratch marks. In mild cases or early in an attack, the symptoms are itching and a fev>' papules or vesicles. The diagnosis is established by the discovery of the cnniculus or burrow left by the female insect in the skin in the course of depositing her eggs. This appears as a minute, dotted. browTiish-blaek line, curved or sinuous, from an eighth to a half inch long, rarely several inches long. These burrows may easily be seen by rubbing a little ink over the surface and then wiping the skin clean. The male insect remains on the surface. The female enters the skin at once, and may advance a twentieth of an inch a day. See iTCii-iliTE. Scabies is said by Bulkley to be uncommon in the L^nited States, forming but 4.05 per cent, among 200.000 cases of skin disease collected by the American Derma tological Association. It is common in Europe, especially among the poor and uncleanly, though found in all classes. Though other places may be first attacked, the earliest lesions are commonly found between the fingers and on the palmar surface of the wrist. The genital region, abdomen, thighs, anterior fold of the axilla, as well as all parts where there is