Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/884

LATHYKUS. 800 LATINI. tiiiips been piodiicoJ by it, both in human beings and lower animals. The seeds of Lntlii/rufi Cicera. althoufrh sometimes used by the country people of Kranee, ai'c even more dangerous. Those of Liilhinus Aphnca. a species sometimes found on gravelly soils in England, possess simi- lar f|ualities when ripe, but in an unripe state are wholesome. They are eaten with the |)ods which contain them. Lathyrun lubcrosus, a native r.iTHTRrs. of Germany and other parts of Europe, but not of Great Britain, is cultivated on the Continent for its starchy tubers, which are sometimes called Dutch mice; in (iermany they are known as earthnuts. The herbage of the plant is relislied by cattle. In Alaska and elsewhere the unripe seeds of the beaeh-pea {Lathynis mnrilimus) are eaten as a vegetable. Lathi/nis si/lvrstris ^Vaf)■ neri has been extensively exploited as a fodder plant in Genliany. France, and the United States. It is verj' resistant to drought when once estab- lished, and vields abundant green forage of a nutritious cliaractcr. LATICIFEROUS TTSSUE. Latex. See His- TOLOaV. l.ATEX. LATIMER, HrcH (c.1485-1555) . One of the most distinguished of the English reformers. He was born at Thurcaston. in Leicestershire, about ]485. He was educated at Cambridge, ami be- came attached to the new learning and divinity which had begim to establish themselves there. He soon became a zealous preacher of the re- formed doctrines, and in consequence was em- broiled in many controversies. The dispute about Henry VIII.'s marriage with Catharine of Aragon brought I^atimer more into notice. He was one of the divines appointed by the Univer- sity of Cambridge to examine as to its lawful- ness, and he declared on the King's side. This secured Henry's favor, and he was appointed one of his chaplains and received a living in Wilt- shire (l.'5.31). In 1.1.3.5 he was appointed Bishop of Worcester, and at the opening of Convocation on June 0, l.^.'SG. he preached two very powerful and impressive sermons, urging the necessity of reform. After a while the work of reform rather retrograded than advanced, and Latimer found himself with his bold opinions in little favor at Court. He retired to his diocese, and labored there in a continual round of "teaching, preach- ing, exhorting, writing, correcting, and reform- ing, either as his ability would serve or the lime would bear." This was his true function. He was an eminently practical reformer. Toward the close of Henry's reign, and when the re- actionary ])arty, headed by (iardincr and Bonner, was in the ascendent, Latimer resigned his bishopric (1530), and till 1.540 lived in great privacy. He was looked upon with jealousy and closely watclied, and finally, on coming u]) to London for medical advice, he was brought be- fore the Privy Coiiiicil and cast into the Tower. On the accession of Edward VI., the next year, he was released, and again ai)i)cared in juiblic. He declined, however, to resume his ejiiscopal functions, although his old bishopric was offered to him. He devoted himself to preaching and practical works of benevolence. After the death of Edward and the accession of Mary (IS.'jS) he and other reformers were arrested in their career of activity. Latimer was put in prison, and ex- amined at Oxford in 1.554. After his examina- tion he was transferred t" the common jail there, where he lay for more than a year, feeble, sickly, and worn (mt with his hardsliips. On September 30, 1555. he was summoned before certain com- missioners appointed to sit in judgment upon him and Kidley, and after trial, on October 1st. he was condemned to be burned. He suffered along with rii<lley, opposite Balliol College, on October 10. 1555. His Remains and Sermons were issued by the Parker Society (2 vols., Ox- ford. 1844-45). Consult his biography by De- maus (Lon.lon, 1800: new ed. 1881). LATIN AMERICA. A name given to those portions nf America which arc inhabited chiefly by races of Latin stock, thus including Mexico, Central .Vmerica. South America, and parts of the W.-t liidi.-. LATIN CROSS. A cross with the lower limb considcralily ImiL'ir than the other three. LATIN EMPIRE. The name given to the empire established by the Crusaders, in 1204, after their ca))ture of Constantinople. It came to an end in 1201. See Bvz.xti.ne Empike and Crv.sade. LATIN GATE (Lat. Porta Latino). A for- mer gate ill tlic Aurelian Wall of Rome, through whicii the Latin Wav left the city. It was closed in 1808. LATmi. An Italic race, already settled in prehi-toric times in the brOad plains south of the Til)er. between the sea and the Apennines. Their origin is obscure, but they probably repre- sent a mixture of the primitive Sieuli with the Italic invaders from the north. The Latin lan- guage (q.v, ) is most closely related to that of the Faliscans north of the Tiber, and more re- motely to those of the Oscans. Umbrians, and Sabellians. Their territory, called Latiiim, orig- inally extended not far south of the Alban hills, but was carried, under Pome's dominion, as far as the river Liris (now Garigliano), where Cam- pania adjoined. In vcrv early times the Latini were subdued by the Etruscans, as the names of many Latin towns, like Tusculum, show. At the traditional landins of .Tineas in Italy, we find the Latini (typified by the fabulous King