Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/14

LA TOTJR. 2 ■women, and among these must be mentioncil seven of Queen Marie Leszczj-nska ; the Madame de Pompadour, in tlie Louvre; the Dauphine Marie de iSaxe; and Mile. Fcl. His best portrait of a man is that of the Ahhe Hubert, and there is an interesting one of himself. His 'prepara- tions,' or sketches for his finished picutres, are among the best of his works. Consult Ooneourt, in L'Art du dix-hiiitUme siiclc. (Paris, 1873). LATOTTR D'AUVEBGNE, di'var'ny', TiiKO- PHiij; JLvLO t'oKUKT DE ( 1 74;i- 1800) . A hero of the French Revolution, born at Carhaix, Kinis- t^re, of an illcf,'iliniate branch of the family of the dukes of J!i>uillon. He entered the army in 1707. and in 1782 served under the Duke of Crillon at Port Malion. During the early years of the Revolution l.atour fuuu'ht in the armies of the Alps and of tlu' Pyrenees. Refusing all advancement in rank, he led on foot and in a simple eaptiiin's uniform his column of 8000 grenadiers, known on account of their murderous bayonet charges as the Infernal C'oluum. Having left the army in 170.5. he reenlistcd in 1700 as a substitute for the only son of an old friend, and fought with Massi'na in Switzerland. When he was subsequently with the Army of the Rhine in 1800, as he still refused all promotion, Bona- parte bestowed on him the title of 'The First Grenadier of France.' He was killed on June 27th of that year, at Oberhausen. near Neuburg, in Bavaria. When he died the whole French army mourned for him tliree days; his heart was embalmed and idaecd in a silver vase car- ried by his com)ianv: his sabre was placed in the Church of the Invalidcs; and every morning. till the close of the Kmpire, at the muster-roll of his regiment, Latour's name was called, and the eldest sergeant replied, 'Dead on the field of hontu'.' liA TRAPPE, la trap. A narrow valley in Normandy, in the De])artment of Orne, closelv shut in by woods an<l rocks, and very dillicult of access. In these wooiVs stands the famous Bene- dictine ^Monastery of La Trappe, or La Grande Trappe, notable as the place in which the Trap- pist Order (ij.v. ) originated. LATREILLE, liVtra'y", Pikrre AxnRfi (17(12- 1833). A French zoiilogist. born at Brives, Cor- r&ze. Althougli he was ordained as a priest in 1786. he devoted most of his life to the study of insects and allied animals. In 1708 he was placed in charge of the entomological collections at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, and in 1814 he became a member of the Aea<lemy of Sciences. Latrcille wrote voluminously, his works extending over the entire field of zoology*; but it is as an entomologist, and a reformer of the pre- vailing systems of classification, that he was most famous. The following are among his more important works; I'l-rcix ilv.i caractires (/cue- riques des inscctcs difipofs^x dans un ordre natnrel (1706); nistoirc naturelle fifn(rale ct particu- JiVrc des cnistaccs et insectes (1802-05); Cotirs d'enfomologie (1831-33). LA TRifMOILLE, lii tra'm.Vy', or TR]^- MOUILLE, tra'moo'y', Lot'is 11. de, Vicomte de Thouars. Prince de Talmont ( 1400-1. 'i'io) . A French soldier. In 1488. in command of the armv of Charles VIII., he defeated the rebel forces under the Duke of Brittany at Saint- Aubin de Cormier, took prisoner the Duke of Orleans, and massacred the other captives after LATROBE. having banqueted them. In 1405 he distin- guished himself in the victory of Fornovo. By Louis XII. he was placed in command of the Army of Italy. He took Milan in 1500, and was appointed admiral of Guienne (later of Brit- tany), and Governor of Burgundy. In 1503 he fought imsuccessfuUy against Gonsalvo de Cor- dova in the Neapolitan territories. In 1513 he was defeated by the Swiss at Novara, in 1515 distinguished himself at Marignano, and de- fended Picardy against the English and Im- perialists in 1522-23. He was killed at Pavia, February 24, 1525. LATROBE, litrob'. A borough in Westmore- land County, Pa., 41 miles east of Pittsburg; on the Loyalhanna Creek, and on the Pennsylvania and other railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, B 3). It is the centre of a fertile agricultural district which has valuable deposits of coal and iron ore. Several coal-mines are worked. There are large coke ovens, steel-mills, paper, lumber, and tlour mills, and manufactories of glass, bricks, farm machinery, etc. Population, in 1800, 3580; in 1000, 4014. LATROBE, Benjamin Henry (1764-1820). A distinguished British-American architect, de- scended from the Huguenot Henry Boneval de la Trobe. He was born in Yorkshire, England ; studied on the Continent; achieved professional distinction as an architect in London; and in 1706 emigrated to the United States, where he became eminent both as an engineer and as an architect. Among the works with which his name is associated are the .James River and Ap- pomattox Canal, the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and the iSchuvlkill River water-works in Philadelphia. He was the architect of the BanlC of Pennsylvania, the Academy of Art, and the Bank of the United States in Philadelphia, and of the Roman Catholic Cathedral and the Cus- tom-House in Baltimore. In 1803 he was ap- pointed by Jefferson surveyor of public buildings in Washington, and his advice had much to do with the plans and decorations of the Capitol. He was engaged to rebuild the Capitol after it was burned in 1814. In 1817 he gave up his connection with the Government, and went to New Orleans, where he was engaged in the con- struction of the water-works, until his death, in that city. — His son, Benjamin Henry (1807- 78), likewise a distinguished engineer was for twenty-two years chief engineer of the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad, and afterwards was a consulting engineer of the Hoosac Tunnel, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Brooklyn Bridge. — The son of the second Benjamin Henrv, Charles Hazlehurst (1833-1002). was also a skillful and famous engineer, to be remembered for his construction of the .requipa Viaduct in Peru and the Agua de VeAiegas Bridge in Peru, and for his authoritative studies of Baltimore sewerage. LATROBE, John Hazlehurst (1803-01), son of Benjamin H. Latrobe (1704-1820), born in Philadelphia. He became a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point, and subsequently studied law with Robert G. Harper, of Baltimore, and was called to the bar in 1825. His services as counsel were soon en- gaged by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, with which he remained connected until his death. He was also engaged by Ross Winans in certain important litigations before the Russian courts.