umberland, Saratoga County, N. Y.; graduated at Union College in 1820; studied law in Albany, and practiced at Fort Miller; but relinquished his profession to devote himself to classical studies. He was appointed professor of Greek at the University of New York in 1838, and at Union in 1849. He was an able and oonservative Christian apologete; a prominent exponent of classical study; and a political thinker of some ability, as may be seen from his State Rights, a Photograph from the Ruins of Ancient Greece (1864). He was a member of the Bible Revision Committee, and wrote: The Six Days of Creation (1855), continued by The Bible and Science (1850); and, together with E. W. Blyden and Timothy Dwight, The People of Africa, Their Character, Condition, and Future Prospects (1871).
LEWIS, or Lewis Fork. The old name of Snake River (q.v.).
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION. In American history, an expedition, under the command of Meriwether Lewis (q.v.) and William Clark (q.v.), which in 1804-06 penetrated from the Mississippi River, through territory now forming parts of Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, to the Pacific Ocean. The members of the party were the first white men to cross the continent between the Spanish possessions to the south and the British possessions to the north. The expedition was sent out by President Jefferson for the purpose of exploring the Louisiana Territory, immediately after its purchase from France. As at first organized the party consisted of 29 members: Lewis and Clark, 14 regular United States soldiers, 9 Kentuckians who had vohmteered. 2 French watermen, an interpreter and hunter, and a negro servant. At Saint Louis sixteen additional men were enlisted for the enterprise, to go, however, only part of the way. The party started from the vicinity of Saint Louis, Mo., on May 14, 1804; passed up the Missouri River; reached the mouth of the Platte on July 26th; arrived at the camps of the Mandans and Minnetarees, about 1000 miles distant from Saint Louis, late in October; wintered there; broke up winter quarters April 7, 1805, 14 men having been sent hack to Saint Louis with collections and reports and two recruits having been gained; reached the mouth of the Yellowstone River, April 26th; and on May 26th sighted the Rocky Mountains. The three forks of the Missouri River were discovered on July 25th, and named Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin. The party proceeded up the Jefferson; crossed the Rocky Mountains in September; started down the Columbia River on October 16th; and on November 7th came in sight of the Pacific Ocean. After wintering on the coast, they started on their return, March 23, 1806, and arrived at Saint Louis September 23, 1806, having traveled altogether a distance of almost 8500 miles. At times the explorers suffered terrible hardships, and from April, 1805, to August, 1806, were shut off from all communication with the world. Lewis and Clark collected a mass of valuable information concerning the physical characteristics, the fauna and flora, the climate, and the various Indian tribes of the territory traversed. For accounts of the expedition, consult: Jefferson, Message from the President of the United States, Communicating Discoveries Made in Exploring the Missouri, Red River, and Washita by Captains Lewis and Clark, Dr. Sibley, and Mr. Dunbar (Washington, 1806; various subsequent editions); Gass, A Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery Under the Command of Captain Lewis and Captain Clark (Pittsburg, 1807; several subsequent editions); and especially Allen (Biddle ed.), History of the Expedition Under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark to Sources of the Missouri, Thence Across the Rocky Mountains and Down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1814), which is based on the journals kept by Lewis and Clark themselves, and has been frequently reprinted, the best edition being the one edited by Coues, History of the Expedition Under Lewis and Clark (4 vols., New York, 1893). Consult also: Brooks (ed.), First Across the Continent: Expedition of Lewis and Clark (New York, 1901); and a brief sketch by Lighton, Lewis and Clark (Boston, 1901), in the “Riverside Biographical Series.”
LEWISBURG, lū′ĭs-bûrg. A borough and the county-seat of Union County, Pa., 30 miles south by east of Williamsport; on the west branch of the Susquehanna River, and on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, E 3). It is the seat of Bucknell University (Baptist), opened in 1846. The borough is the commercial centre for a fertile grain and general farming region, and has woolen, flour, and lumber mills, furniture and chair factory, machine-shop, acetylene gas works, a shirt-factory, etc. Population, in 1890, 3248; in 1900, 3457.
LEWISTON, lū′ĭs-ton. A city and the county-seat of Fulton County, Ill., 45 miles southwest of Peoria; on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy and the Fulton County Narrow Gauge railroads (Map: Illinois, B 3). It has considerable trade in live stock and agricultural and dairy products; and manufactures flour, lumber, brick and tile, furniture, carriages and wagons, oil-cans. etc. Population, in 1890, 2166; in 1900, 2504.
LEWISTON. A city in Androscoggin County, Maine, 35 miles north of Portland; on the east bank of the Androscoggin River, opposite Auburn, and on a branch of the Grand Trunk and the Maine Central railroads (Map: Maine, C 7). Several bridges here span the river. The stream at this point falls fifty feet, affording fine water-power, which is utilized by means of a distributing dam and canal, the system having been built at a cost of $1,000,000. The principal manufactures include cotton and woolen goods, cotton and woolen mill machinery, foundry products, boilers and engines, boots and shoes, belting, lumber products, carriages, furniture, and bricks. There are also extensive bleaching and dye works. Lewiston is the seat of Bates College (q.v.), and has a fine city hall, a public park, and the Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Library of 10,000 volumes, now located in the new Carnegie Library building, as well as the collegiate library. The government is vested in a mayor, annually elected, a bicameral council, and the usual administrative officials. Population, in 1890, 21,701; in 1900, 23,761. Settled in 1770 and called the ‘Plantation of Lewiston’ until 1795, when it was incorporated as a town, Lewiston was chartered as a city in 1863.
