LEYDEN. 182 LEYTE. 'Pilgrims' who fouiulcd Plymouth Colony. In 1807 a large seclioii of the most beautiful quarter of the city was laid in ruins by the explosion of a powder-ship in the river. This part is now occupied by a park. LEYDEN, KuN.sT voN (1832—). A German physician, burn at Danzif;. and educated in UeVlin at the Kriedrich Wilhelm Institute. Krom 1854 to 18()5 he served as military surjjeon ; then became professor at Kiinigsberf;; in 1872 went to Strassburg; and in 1H7(> succeeded Traube in Berlin. His publications include: Zur Puthuloifie lies TetnniiK (lH(i:!): lleUrr lieflexldhmungtn ( 1870) : his great work Klinik der R iiclcenmarks- kranlclwilen (1874-76): an<i many contributions to tha-Zeitschrift fur klinischc Mcdiziii, which he founded in 1879 with Krerichs. LEYDEN, .ToiiN (177"vl811). A Scotti.sh piK't and Orientalist, lie was Horn of poor par- ents at Denholm in Roxburghshire. Scotland, Sep- tember 8, 1775. After a course of study during which he learned several European and Oriental languages, he was licensed as a preacher of the Cliur.'h of Scotland. His first work (ITflO) was A HiKlorical AccokiiI of the Discoreries and Hct- tkminls of Europium in Northern and Western Africa. He contribitcd poems and translations to the Ediiihurfih Mdfidzine, wrote for Lewis's Titles of Wonder. helpWl Scott to get materials for his .Minstrelsy of the Scottisii Border, and edited the firots 'Ma;iaziiic for a year. He then studied medicine and sailed for India in 1802. HI health forced him to leave his station at Madras and go to Penang, where he studied the Indo-Chinese tribes. He was successively professor and judge at Caloitta. When the ex- pedition to .Java was undertaken, Leyden accom- panied it. He died at Ratjivia, August 28, 1811. His chief work is the K.svnj/ on the Languages and Literatures of the Indo-Chinese 'Nations, in the .siatie Researches. His collected poems were published in 1819: a new edition, Poems and Ballads, in 1858. with memoir by Scott: and two centenary editions in 1875. LEYDEN, Lucas van. See Lucas van Leyuen. LEYDEN, TTniversity of. A Dutch univer- sity f(imdiMl in 1575 by the provinces of Holland anil Zealand, under the patronage of William the Silent. Prince of Orange, as one of the rewards to the citizens of Leyden for the heroic defense of the place against the Sjianiards. Krom the begin- ning it was a centre of Pnitcstant learning, and drew to itself many English Puritans and French Huguenots, in 1807 it was raised to the rank of 'a roya-l university, hut with the annexation of Holland to France it sank to the grade of an academy, forming part of the University of France. After the reorganization of the univer- sities by William T.. in 1S15. it lost ground, hut was again reorganized in 187S on an equality with the royal universities. It numbered in 1902 some 950 students, chiefly in law and medicine. Its librarv. founded in 1.575. contains some 190,- OOO volumes. .SOOO maps, 3400 Oriental and 3000 other manuscripts. LEYDEN JAR. See Electricity; Conden- ser. LEYDIG, lI'dlK. Fr.N7. von (1821 — ). A German zoiilogist. bom at Rothenburg-an-der- Tauber. He studied medicine at Warzburg and
- Munich; was made professor at Tubingen in
1857, and in 1875 at Bomi; and retired in 1895. His more important works include; Ana- ioniisch-histologische L'ntcrsuchungen iibcr Fische nnd Keptilien (1853); Dcr Eierslock utul die tSainentasche der Insekicn (180U) ; Die augcnMlm- lichen Organe der Fische, on a supposed sixth sense (1881) ; and Zelle und (leioebe (1885). LEYS, lis or la. He.ndrik, Baron (1815-(i9). A Belgian historical and genre painter. He was born at . twerp, February 18, 1815. In 1829 he studied with Ferdinand de Braekeleer, his brother-in-law, and later with Wappers, at the Antwerp Academy. He received the great gold medal at the Brussels Academy in 1835; the next four years he studied in Paris. There he was strongly influenced by the French Romanti- cists, although some of his work of the saTue period shows the influence of Rembrandt and Van Dyck. In 1839 he visited Holland, where he took up the maimer of the Dutch genre paint- ers. His "Dutch Church Service," "Dutch So- ciety of the Seventeenth Century." both in the" National Gallery, Berlin, and "Wedding of the Seventeenth Centiiry" (1845) contain such rich details, both in c'ostiune, decoration, and treatment of draperies, as are found in a Pieter de Hoogh, or a Metsu. Tlie years 1852. 1859, 1803, he spent in Germany; and during the time he was strongly influenced by Diirer and Cranach. To this period belong "Erasmus in His Study" (1853), "Luther as Chorist<u- in Eisenach," "Luther's Home in Wittenberg" (1858). He was the recipient of many honors, and his death, August 18, 1869, was marked by universal mourn- ing in Antwerp. A statue was erected to his memory on the Boulevard Leys. Leys was a fine colorist, and a good draughts- man, in his first style showing delight in care- ful detail, while in his second style his work is as severe in outline as the paintings of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with the sim- plicitv of the early Flemish and German masters, even to their faults in drawing. Among his most important works are the following; "Little Mu- sician at a Peasant's Cotfage" (1832): "Strand of Antwerp" (1834); "Rembrandt's Studio" (1837); "Family Festival in Brittany" (18.38) ; "Courtyard of an Inn" (1842) ; "Restoration of Divine Service in Antwerp Cathedral" (1845): "Studio of Frans Hals" (1868) : "Oath of Charles V." (1869) ; "Diirer Painting P'rasnnis" (1857) ; "Portrait of Quentin Massys" ( 1863) ; four scenes from the history of Antwerp, and portraits of 12 princes celebrated in connection with the city (1864-69), City Hall. Antwerp. Consult Sulz- berger, Henri Leys (Brussels, 1835). LEYTE, l.i'ta. An island of the Visaya group in the Philippines, constituting with a number of small dppend<'nt islands the Province of Leyte (Map: Philippine Islands, .1 9). It is situated to the southeast of Luzon, and is separated from the island of Samar on the northeast by the Strait of San .Tuanico, from I to 3 miles wide, and from Mindanao on the southeast by the Strait of Surigao (q.v.). The principal de- pendent islands are. Hiliran. 22 miles long by 14 broad. otT the north coast: Panaon, 20 miles long by 5 broad, off the southeast coast: and the Caniotes. a group of three islands 20 miles from the west coast. The island of Leyte has an ex- treme length from northwest to southeast of 120 miles, and an extreme width of 45 miles. Its
