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LINCOLN. 286 LINCOLN COLLEGE. rics" (Boston. 1803) ; Hapyood (Xew York, 1899) ; and Tarbell (New York, 1900). LINCOLN, Benjamin (1733-1810). An American soldier, prominent in the Revolutionary War. He was born at Hingham, Mass.. .January 24, 1733, received a common-school education, and was engaged in farming at Hingham until 1774. acting successively as local magistrate. Hep- resentative in the Massachusetts Legislature, and colonel of militia. In 177.5 he took an active part in organizing the t'ontinental forces, and in 1770 was appointed major-general of the ilassachusetts militia. At the siege of Boston, Washington put him in command of an e.i)edition to force the Hrltish lleet out of Boston Harbor. He com- manded the Massachusetts militia at the battle of White Plains; reinforced Washington by a fresh levy of Massachusetts militia at Morris- town. N. .1.. in February, 1777; and at Wash- ington's request was made a major-general in the Continental Army, on February 19th of tliat yeai'. He served with marked efTiciency in the Burgoyne campaign, both under Schuy- ler and (Jates, being second in command under the latter; and on October 8. 1777, received a wound which nuiimed him for life, and caused his temporary withdrawal from the army. Resuming service in .ugust, 1778. he was assigned to the command of the Southern Army in September, and arrived at Charleston, December 4th. A detachment of his army was defeated at Brier Creek (q.v.) in March, 1779, and his main force met with a severe repulse at Stono Ferry in .lune. Later he acted in conjimc- tion with the French under D'Estaing against Savannah, but. the combined forces meeting with a sanguinary repulse on October Oth. he returned to Charleston, where he was soon besieged by the Knglish under Sir Henry Clinton and was forced to surrender May 12, 1780, after which he returned to Hingham, Mass., on parole. Ex- changed in the spring of 1781, he joined Washing- ton and was chosen by him at Yorktown to re- ceive the sword of Lord Cornwallis. He held the oirice of Secretary of War in 1781-1783. and re- tired to his farm at Hingham in 1784. In 1786- 87 he commanded the -Massachusetts militia against Shays and liis followers (see Shays's REnELUox ) , and in 1 789 was made Collector of the Port of Boston, which position he held until two years before his death. Late in life he took a great interest in science, and wrote a number of scientific papers which attracted considerable attention. He was a man of simple, earnest character ; and the persevering zeal and disin- terestedness of his public service gave him great popularity. Consult the biography by Bowen in Sparks, Librarii of American Bioqraphy. series 2. vol. xiii. (Boston, 1847). LINCOLN, .TojiN Larkin (1817-91). An American educator. He graduated at Brown in 1836, was tutor there (18.38-41), and was pro- fessor of Latin from 1844 until his death. He was the editor of fieleclion.i from Livy (1847) ; the Works of Horace (18.51) ; Orid. icith Notes (1883) ; and the De Senccfute (1887). LINCOLN, Levi (17491820). An American political leader, born in Hingham, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1772; was active in the patriot cause, and wrote the Farmer's Letters: was made clerk of the court in Worcester County in 1775; and later became probate judge. In 1796 he became a member of the State House of Representatives, and in 1797 of the State Senate; in 1800 he was elected to Congress; in 1801 be- came Attorney-General in Jell'erson's Cabinet, and in the same year was for some months acting Secretary of State. He was Lieutenant (Jovernor of Massachusetts in 1807-08; was Governor from December. 1808. until May, 1800; and in 1811 de- clined an appointment as Associate .Justice of the I'nited States Supreme Court, on account of failing eyesight. LINCOLN. Levi (1782-1808). An American politician, born in Worcester, Mass. He gradu- ated at Harvard in 1802. entered the legal pro- fession in 1805, served in the State Constitutional Convention of 1820, and was often a member of the Legislature, serving as Speaker of the House in 1822. and president of the Senate in 184.5. He was elected Lioutcnant-tJovernor of Massachu- .setts in 1823, was also a judge of the State Su- jireme Court in 1824. and was Governor from 1825 to 1834. From 1835 to 1841 he was a mem- ber of Congress, and in 1848 became the first Mayor of Worcester. LINCOLN, Robert Todd (184.3—). An American pcditician, son of Abraham Lincoln, born at Springfield. 111. He gradviated at Har- vard in 1804. and then entered the Federal .rmy as a captain on General Grant's staff. At the close of the Civil War he settled in Chicago, and practiced law until 1881. when he entered Gar- field's Cabinet as Secretary of War. He was re- tained in this position by President Arthur, and in 1884 was mentioned for the Presidential can- didacy, but refused to oppose Arthur in the convention. From 1889 to 1893 he was Minister of the United States to Great Britain. He was counsel for the Pullman Palace Car Company, and after the death of George il. Pullman became its president. LINCOLN COLLEGE. A college of 0.ford University. It was founded in 1427, under the name of the College of Saint Jlaiy and All Saints, by Richard Fleming. Bishop of Lincoln, and a former Wiclifite. for a rector and seven fellows, for the benefit of his diocese and the fighting of the Wiclifite heresy. The college was endowed in part by the impropriating of the neighboring parish church. Fleming died shortly after the college was founded, and his work was carried on by .John Frost. Dean of Wells, who fin- ished the buildings and added others. The foun- dation was completed by Thomas Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, later Archbishop of York and Lord High Chancellor, who reorganized the col- lege under new statutes in 1479-80. By these works he earned the title of second founder. The fellows were originally ^nasters or bachelors 'f arts, and their election limited to the dioccM^ of York, Lincoln, and Wells. In 1855 new stat- utes provided for a rector, 12 fellows, and 14 scholars, and the fellowships were thrown open. The present establishment consisted, in 1902, of a rector. 10 fellows, 13 scholars, 1.3 exhibitioners, 2 lecturers, college officers, and about 100 under- graduates in all. The patronage consists of nine benefices. Of the buildings, the Hall, built in 1437, the chapel. 1631, and the kitchen, a very ancient building, are the most interesting. Among the more distingviished members of the college may be mentioned .John Wesley (fellow). Lord Crewe, Bishop Williams of Lincoln, Sir William