Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/362

LISMOBE. 320 LISSAJOTTS FIGUBES. gyll; and the ruins of Castle Uaclial. a Scandi- navian fort. Population, about 500. lilSOIiA, K-'zo'la', FuAN(,ois Pavl, Baron (1613-74). An Austrian diplomat, born at Sa- lins in Franche-Comt6. He began his diplo- matic career in 10.39, when he went to London as Ambassador to persuade Charles I. to rein- state the Count Palatine. In 1655 he was sent to Sweden to effect peace with the Poles, but hav- infr failed to attain this, he induced the Emperor Ferdinand III. to conclude an alliance with them. When Ambassador in Poland he brought about the reconciliation of that country with the F.lector Frederick William of Brandenburf.'. and at the same time established a union l)clween this Prince and the Emperor. In 1000 Lisola took part in the peace negotiations at Oliva, and after 1007 his great effort was to form a coalition against Louis XIV., whose plans he described and denounced in his famous pamphlet. he houclier d'rtat et de justice contre le densm.n de la moiiarchie universelle (1607). It is also due to his exeitions tbat an alliance was estab- lished between Austria and Holland in 1072, in which union Spain also joined the following year. A more detailed account of the life and work of Lisola is to be found in Kcynald. "Le Baron de Lisola : sa jeunesse et sa premi^re anibassade en Angleterre," in the Revue historique (vol. 27, Paris. 1885), and Pribram. Franz Paul Freiherr von Lisola ( l(113-Ti) -und die Politik seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 1804). LIS PENDENS (Lat., suit pending) . A term employed to doscriljc the doctrine or principles of law whereby persons not parties to an fiction are deemed to have constructive notice of the pendency of the action in case they purchase or acquire an interest in the subject-matter in- volved during the course of the litigation. The doctrine is a very old one in the English law, and was early expressed in the maxim pendente lite nihil innovetur (pending the action nothing should be changed). It was adopted to prevent the intervention of new rights to property in dispute which might complicate and prolong the litigation. LIS'SA (anciently Tusa. Slav. T'l's). An island in the ,driati<- Sea. off the Dalmatian coast, and belonging (o Dalmatia. Tt is 10 miles long. 5 miles broad, and has an area of 38 square miles. Its shores are steep and rocky, and it is accessi- ble at only a fcAv bays. The soil is not fertile. The chief products are wine and oil. The popu- lation of the island in 1000 was 9918. Its two harbors are strongly fortified. Lissa, or San Giorgio, on the northeast shore, is the principal town and seaport, with a population of 5261. Issa was .an ancient Greek colony, and became later an important naval station for the Tinman fleet. Off Lissa the Austrians under Admiral Tegethoff defeated the Italians under Admiral Persano .July 20, 1800. EISSA (Pol. Lenznn). A town in the Prov- ince of Posen, Prussia, 47 miles by rail from Posen (Map: Prussia, G 3). It has a palace ■with a park, an old town hall, a gymnasium, and a municipal slaughter-house. It has manufac- tures of wines, liquors, bricks, and cigars, and considerable trade in cereals. Population, in 1890, 13,110: in 1900. 14.282. The town formerly belonged to the Polish noble family of Leszczyn- ski and became in the seventeenth century the Fig. 1. centre of the Bohemian Brothers, who transferred there their educational institutions and their archives. LISSA JOTJS (le'sa'zhCoz') FIGURES. A name given to certain phenomena designed to show optically the composition of vibratory mo- tions. On April 6, 1857, .Jules Antoine Lis- sajous presented to the Academy of Sciences in Paris a memoir on the optical study of vibratory movements, wherein he set forth for the first time that series of ])eculiar curves which have since borne his name, and which are generated by the coml)ination of two vibrations taking place in the .same plane, but at right angles to each other. Suppose a body is vibrating back and forth be- tween E and W. Fig. 1. in simple harmonic mo- tion, when an impulse is given to it which alone would set it into similar vibration be- tween X and S. As- sume that the time of vibration of the two * motions is the same, then the result of their combination will depend upon the rela- tive 'phase' of the two vibrations. Several characteristic cases may be considered as typical of the real in- finity of possible variations. If the body tend to start from O toward E at the same instant that it tends to start from O toward N, then its real motion would be along the diagonal of the rectangle on OF and OX, and the result- ing vibration would be as shown in Fig. 2 a. This is the case where both harmonic cycles start at the same instant from the position of equilibrium, 0; that is, the difference of phase is zero. If it tend to start from O toward N and W simultaneously, then the resulting vibration will be shown at Fig. 2 e. In this case the EW motion would have executed a half cycle when the XS commences, that is, the phase dif- ference is one-half. For a phase difference of one-quarter the body would be at E when the XS motion starts and the result is shown in Fig. 2 c. A phase differ- ence of three-quarters would put the body at W when the other motion starts and the figure would be the same as c except that it would cir- culate in the opposite directum. The result of a phase difference of one-eighth is shown in 6. and that of three-eighths in d. If the amplitude of the two motions be the same it is evident that Fig. 2 c would be a circle. A small weight or plumb-bob hanging upon a string serves very well to illustrate the above forms of compound vibration. When the rates of vibration or periodic times of the two components are unequal mucli more complex results are produced, which, however, reduce to comparative simplicity when the rate of one bears a simple ratio to the rate of the other. When the two rates are in the ratio of 1 to 2 there results a series of curves some of which are shown in Fig. 3, for phase differences of one-eighth, one-fourth, three-eighths, and one- half of the EW motion. Similarly Fig. 4 shows the corresponding curves when the rates of vibra- tion are in the ratio of 2 to 3.