Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/521

LORRAINE. 463 LOS ANGELES. dukes of Lower Lorraine called tliemselves dukes of Brabant. The dukes of Lorraine con- tinued to rule doxm to the eighteenth century. The duchy was a member of the Germanic body, but had close relations with France. In 173G it passed to Stanislas Leszczynski. ex-King of Poland, while its last independent duke, Francis Stephen, husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, received Tuscany in exchange. On the death of Stanislas in 1766 it was united to France. In 1552 France had seized and annexed the bisliop- rics of Toul, iletz, and Verdun. The name Lor- raine was applied to an administrative division which included the former Duchy of Lorraine, the Duchy of Bar, the three bislioprics of Jletz, Totil, and Verdun, French Luxemburg, German Lorraine, and the Duchy of Bouillon. It was afterwards subdivided into the departments of jMeuse, Moselle, ileurthe, and Vosges. By the Treaty of Frankfort, May 10, 1871, France 'ceded to Germany portions of the departments of Mo- selle and Meurthe (German Lorraine and Metz). This district forms part of the Keichsland of Elsass-Lothringen. For the early history of Lor- raine consult Comte d'Haussonville. La reunion de la Lorraine a la France (4 vols., 2d ed., Paris, I860). See Als.ce-Lorr.ixe. LORRAINE, Dukes and C.vkdix.vls of. See Gri.sE. LORRAINE GLASS. The name of Claude Lorraine glass is given to peculiarly tinted glass, sometimes used in opera-glasses and stereoscopes, which is supposed to give to the objects viewed the coloring characteristic of the artisfs works. The Lorraine mirror, sometimes used by artists, consists of a polished plate of glass ground very slightly convex on the exterior and concave on the inner side, which is coated with a surface of black composition highly polished. This is so placed as to reflect a landscape, which may be then drawn from the reduced image in the glass, the convexity of surface assisting in the perspec- tive and distance. See Glass. LOR'REQTJER, Harry. The hero of Charles Lever's Iq.v.) military novel of the same name. LORRIS, 16'res', GtHLLAUSrE de. A French trouljadour. See Guillaume de Lorris. LORTZING, lortslng, Gustav Albert ( 1803- 51). A German operatic composer, born in Ber- lin. His parents were members of a traveling theatrical troupe, and the boy was practically self-taught, save for a few lessons received from a teacher in Berlin (Paingenhagen). He pro- duced his first opera, Ali Pascha von Janina, in 1824. and in 1820 joined the permanent company of the Court Theatre at Detmold. His next two works were vaudevilles, Der Pole unci sein Kind ■ and Scene ans Mozarts Lehen. His most suc- cessful opera is Zar und Zimmermann. which is to this day performed in every German opera house. Der W'affenschmied and Z>ic beiden SchUtzen were scarcely less popular. His uneven temperament and character greatly interfered with Iiis artistic as well as his material success. Conductor of the Leipzig Opera in 1844. he almost immediately quarreled w ith the management and had to resign. After a brief period, however, admirers secured his reinstatement: but a second quarrel brought his engagement to an end. In 18.nO he was ap- pointed kapellmeister of the new Priedrich Wil- helmstadtisches Theater in Berlin, where he pro- duced some successful light operas, farces, etc. He was a prolific composer, and his nmsic was melodic. -Many of his operas are still popular on the provincial German stage. He died in Berlin. LORY (Maky, Hind, lari, nun). (1) Any of the small, brush-tongued, honey -eating parrots of the family Loriida; (or Trichoglossidx") , which vary in size from that of a dove to that of a sparrow; the lesser forms are usually called lori- keets (or loriquets). The group includes about 90 species, and is confined to Polynesia and .Aus- tralasia excepting Xew Zealand. These parrots, whose mo.st important anatomical peculiarity is the structure of the tongue, which is ti]ipcd with a bundle of bristles, have a dense soft plumage, exhibiting the most rich and mellow colors; the tail is rounded, generally not long; the bill is feebler than in many of the parrots, and the upiier mandible much arched. Thej' are very ac- tive and lively, even in confinement, and are also of very gentle and affectionate disposition. Rod, green, blue, and yellow are the prevailing colors of their plumage, and a remarkable sexu.il dimorphism exists, at least in the central genus (Eclectus), where the females are prevailingly green, while the males are red. L'ntil recently the sexes were frequently considered different species. One of the most beautiful and interest- ing of the groups is the genus Domicella. For much curious information, and an extensive bibliography, consult Newton's article Lory," in Dictiou'in/ of Birds (London and Xew York, 1893-96). .See Colored Plate of Parrots. (2) A dealer's name for the Australian par- rots of the genus Aprosmi'ctus, more usually called 'king lory.' (3) In South Africa, a turaco (q.v.). LOS ANGELES, los •ing'iM'i-lAs. Capital of the Province of Bi'o-Bfo, Central Chile (Map: Chile, C 11). It is situated between the Laja and Bfo-Bio rivers in a fertile district. Settled in 1739, it figured somewhat in the struggles with the Araucanian Indians. Population, in 189.5, 7808. LOS ANGELES, 16s an'gel-gs or an'jfl-es. The largest city of southern California, and the county-seat of Los Angeles County. 480 miles sovitheast of San Francisco ; on the Los Angeles River. 20 miles from its mouth, and on the Southern California, the South Pacific, and the San Pedro. Los Angeles and Salt Lake railroads (ilap: California. D 4). It is immediately south of the Sierra Madre range, and 15 miles cast of the Pacific Ocean, though San Pedro, its seaport, a city with a harbor admitting vessels of 20 feet draught, and having (1900) 1787 inhabitants, is distant 25 miles. Los Angeles is renowned for its beauty, and for the hcalthfulness of its raild, equable cli- mate. Its broad avenues are embowered in luxuriant foliage, and the adjacent orange groves and fine fruit gardens present a marked contrast to the barren "coasts of the vast unirrigated re- gion thereabouts. In the vicinity are other places celebrated as pleasure, health, and seaside re-sorts, notablv Redondo Beach, Santa Monica, and Santa Catalina Island. The city is the seat of a State normal school. Saint Vincent's Col- lege (Roman Catholic), opened in 1865. L'niver- sitv of Southern California (Methoflist Episco- pal), opened in 1880, and Occidental College