Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/588

LUCXJLLTJS. 522 LUDEKITZ. the provincials against the fearful oppressions and extortions of farmers of the taxes and usurers, especially his fixing a uniform and mod- erate rate of interest for all arrears, show that he was a just, wise, and humane administrator ; but thoujih the cities of Asia were grateful for his clemency, the equestrian order in Rome ( who had the farming of the taxes) became implacably hostile to him. and his own troops grew disaf- fected on account of the strictness of his dis- cipline. In the spring of B.C. G9 lie marched into Armenia with a small force of 12,000 foot and 3000 horse, and gained a complete victory over Tigrancs, at the head of an army of 220,000 men. In the following year he gained another great victory at the river Arsanias over a new army led against him by Tigranes and llitli- ridales; but tlic mutinous spiiit of the legions — in spite of these splendid triumphs — daily in- creased. Lucullus now wanted to besiege Artax- ata. the capital of Armenia, but the soldiers refused to advance farther. After this he could do nothing; not a soldier would serve under him. At last he was superseded by Pompey. and left Asia B.C. 60. The cabals of his enemies so much prevailed against him that he was three years in Konie before he obtained his triumph. In con- junction with the aristocratic party, he at- tempted to check the increasing power of Pom- pey, and the attemjit caused the coalition known as the first triumvirate. But he was ill fitted to act as leader against such unscrupulous men, and soon withdrew altogether from political af- fairs. During liis public career he had acquired (but not unfairly) prodigious wealth; and he spent the remainder of liis life surrounded by artists, poets, and philosopliers, and exhibiting in his villas at Tusculum and Neapolis, and in his house and gardens at Rome, a luxury and splen- dor which became jiroverbial. Toward the close of his life his faculties began to decay, and his property was jilaced under the management of his brother. He died about B.C. 57. LUCY, Hexut W. (1845—). An English journalist. He was born at Crosby, studied at the Crescent School and in Paris, and in 1804 joined the staff of the Slirrirshiiri/ Cliirmicle. In 1870 be went to London and joined the staff of the Pall Mall Gazclli', and in' 1880 became chief editor of the Daily Xews. He became known as the contrilnitor, over the signature "Toby, M.P.,' of the amusing and oft-cpioted "Essence" of Par- liament," the Punch department originated by Shirley Brooks. ;ind also wrote a London letter to several provincial pajiers. His jniblications incluile: Man and Manttcrs in Parliament (1875): (lideon Flei/ce, a novel (1882); and Mr. aiafhtone: A Klndij from Life (1896). LUCY, Sir TiiOMA.s (1532-1000). An English kniglit known in connection with Shakespeare. On the death of his father (1552) he succeeded to the estate of Cliarlecote, about four miles from Stratford-on-Avon; rebuilt the manor house; was knighted by Elizabeth (1505); became high sherift' of Worcestershire (1580). where his wife held property; was justice of the peace for War- wickshire; and sat in two Parliaments (1571 and 1584). According to tradition, which is per- liaps in part true, Shakespeare stole deer from Lucy's park (about 1585). and as a result found it convenient to leave Stratford. With little doubt Shakespeare took Lucy as his model for Justice Shallow. Consult Henry 7V., part ii.. The Merry U ires of Windsor, and Sidney lx"e, M'illiam Hhak-espeare (London, 1899). LUD'DITES I said to be named from Xed Lud, an imbecile wlio in a fit of rage broke two stock- ing-frames). The name first assumed in 1811 by bands of English workmen organized for the destruction of machinery The risings were due in part to a general indus- trial depression, and in part to the want of ein- ploynient caused by the di~)daceiiicnt of hand- labor through the introduction of maehinery. At Nottingham the Luddites first made their ap- pearance. From Nottingham, between the avi- tunin of 1811 and the summer of 1812, the riot^ spread to the counties of Derby and Leicester. ■ and to Cheshire, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. They were met by the enactment of harsh penal laws. It was made a capital crime to destroy any sort of machinery used in factories, and in 1812 seven- teen men were hanged together in York. Owing to the failure of the harvests and to the economic depression following the close of the Napoleonic wars, in 1816 the riots broke out again on a much larger scale, and eventually spread over nearly the whole Kingdom. Consult: Peel, The Risings of the Luddites, Chartists, and Plug- Draicers (2d ed., London, 1S88) ; Pellew, Life of Uenri/ Addinqton, Viseount i<idnioulh, vol. iii. (London. 1847). LUDEMANN, lu'dc-man, Hermann ( 1842 — ) . A German Protestant theologian, born at Kiel (Prussia). After study (1801-07) at Kiel. Heidelberg, and Berlin, he was appointed a lec- turer at the first-named university in 1872, and a professor of New Testament exegesis in 1878. In 1884 he became professor of Church history at Bern, where later he received appointment to the chair of systematic theology- and the history of philosophy in the theological faculty. His posi- tion became in general that of the ,Iena school, critical and lilieral in both instruction and pub- lications, which latter include: Die Anthrnpologie des Apostel Paulus (1872) ; Die Eidhriiehigkeit vnserer neukirehlichen (leisthehen (1881; 3d ed. 1884) ; and Die neuere Enticicklung der protes- tantisehen Theologie (1884). 1 LUDEN, liJo'dcn, Heinbich (1778-1847). A German historian. He was born in Loxstedt; was educated at Giittingen, and from 1800 till his death was professor of history at Jena. His writings include: the .illgcmeine Geschichle der Yolker vnd Staaten des Altertums (1814) ; All- qemeine (leschiehte der Viilker und Staaten des Mittelalters (1821-22); and Die Oeschichte des deutschen Yolks (12 vols., 1825-37), his most im- portant work. LtJDENSCHEID, lu'dcn-shlt. An industrial town of Prussia, in Westphalia, in a mountain- ous district, 33 miles northeast of Cologne (Map: Prussia B 3). It manufactures cutlery, articles of German silver and other alloys, and musical instruments. Its iron-foundries, machine-shops, and cotton-mills also give eniplovment to many workers. Population, in 1890, 19,457; in 1900, 25.520. LtJDEBITZ, lu'der-its, Franz Adolf Eduard (1834-86). A German merchant and founder of the first German colony in Southwest Africa. He was born in Bremen, where his father was a tobacco merchant ; traveled in America from 1854