Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/673

MACARONI. 593 MACARTNEY. of macaroni is of great importance to Italy, where it forms a large article of home consum'i)- tion and from which country it is exported to all parts of the world. Over 500.000 boxes of maca- roni are sent annually to the United States, and about 70,000 to Londnn. MACARONI CLUB. A club of London ex- quisites in the latter part of the eighteenth century, said to have taken their name from their favorite dish. They ^^■ere noticeable on account of their fantastic costume, which in- cluded an eccentric st.yle of hair-dressing, a small hat, short coat, tight silk breeches, and a tas- seled >tick. MACARON'IC VERSE (It. maccheronico, relating to macaroni, from macclieroni, maca- roni ) . Properly, a kind of humorous poetry, in which, along with Latin, words of other languages are introduced with Latin inflections and con- .struction : but the name is sometimes applied to verses which are merely a mixture of Latin and the unadulterated vernacular of the author. Teofilo Folengo, called Merlino Coccajo, a '.earned and witty Benedictine, who was bom at !Mantua in 1491, and died in 1544, has been erroneously regarded as the inventor of macaronic poetry ; but he was the first to employ the term, selected with reference to the mixture of ingredients in the dish called macanmi. His Jlaccaronea (published in 1521, and many editions) is a long satiric poem, in which Latin and Italian are mingled. For- tunately, macaronic poetry has not been very ex- tensively cultivated, although specimens of it may be found in the literature of almost all Euro- pean countries. The idea of it was probably first suggested by the barbarous monkish Latin. There is a histoiy of macaronic poetry, and a collection of the principal works of this kind l)y Genthe, Geschichte dcr waccaronischen Poesie (Halle, 1829). Compare also Octave Delapierre's Maca- roiteaiia (Paris. 1852), and his De la Ultcratiire macaroiiique et de quelqucs raretcs bibliograph- {(jues de ce genre, vol. ii. (P,aris, 1856) : Morgan's Muriirrinie Pod ry (Xew York, 1872); and Bru- nefs Lit f era f lire macaronique (Paris, 1879). MACAROON (Fr. maearon, from Olt. mae- caroiii. macaroni). A favorite kind of biscuit, made with the meal of sweet almonds, instead of wheaten or other flour. The almond-meal dry. or. what is still better, almonds just blanched and beaten into a paste, is thoroughly incorpo- rated with refined sugar in powder and the whites of eggs. When thoroughly mixed, the paste is made into the shape of small round or oval biscuits and baked. MacAR'THUR, Arthur (1845—). An American soldier, bom in JIassachusetts. He entered the United States Army as first lieu- tenant in the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry, in August, 1S02. participated in the battles of Perryville. Stone River, and Chattanooga, and in the .Vtlanta campaign, and. after having at- tained tlie rank of lieutenant-colonel, was mus- tered out of the volunteer service in .lune, 18G5. In February. 1866. he entered the Regular .rmy as first lieutenant, and in July, 1889, he became assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of major. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers in May. 189S. and major-general of volunteers in August of the same year, and in 1898-99 was engaged on special duty in Havana, Cuba. In 1899 he was sent to the Philippine islands, and in 1900 -succeeded General Otis as conunander of the Division of the Philippines and military Governor of the islands. In January, I'JOO. he was prnnioted to be a brigadier-general in the Regular .riny, and in Fel)urary, 1901, to be m.ajor-general. Upon his return to "the United States he was placed in command of the Depart- ment of the Lakes, whence he was transferred to the Department of California. McAR'THUR, Di;xc.x (1772-1839). An American soldier. He was bom in Dutchess County, X. Y., and his family having removed to Pennsylvania in 1780, he served as a volunteer in Harmar's campaign against the Miami In- dians, and in later campaigns on the frontier. In 1805 he was elected a member of the Legis- lature of Ohio, in which State lie was a great landed proprietor. He entered the War of 1812 as colonel of an Ohio volunteer regiment, was promoted to a brigadier-generalship in 1813, and the next year succeeded General Harrison as com- mander of the Army of the West. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1815-21, a member of Congi-ess in 1823-29, and from 1830 to 1832 Governor of Ohio. MacARTHtTR, Robert Stuart (1841—). An American Baptist clergyman. He was born at Dalesville. Province of Quebec, Canada ; gradu- ated at the University of Rochester in 1867. and at the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1 870, and in the latter year became pastor of the Cal- vary Baptist Church, in Xew York City. For a considerable period he was one of the editors of the Cltrislian Inquirer and of the Baptist Quar- terly Review. He participated in the preparation of The Calvary Selection of Hpiritual Songs, Laudes Domini, and The Calvary Hymnal. His publications also include volumes of sermons and other works of a popular character. MACART'NEY, George, Earl Macartney (173i-lS06). A British diplomat. He was born at Lissanoure, near Belfast, Ireland; graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, 1757: studied law in London ; then made the tour of F.uroi)e, and on his return in 1704 was appointed Envoj- Ex- traordinary to the Empress of Russia, to con- clude a commercial treaty with that country. Returning in 1767. he sat for a time in the Brit- ish Parliament, and from 1769 to 1772 was Chief Secretary for Ireland. Appointed Governor of the island of Grenada in 1775. he was taken pris- oner on the capture of that island by the French in 1779, Imt was soon released by Louis XVI., and allowed to return to England. In 1776 he was raised to the Irish peerage with the title of Baron Macartney. From 1780 to 1786 he was Governor of Madras. In 1 788 he took his seat for the first time in the Irish House of Peers; in 1792 was made an Irish vi.scount. and went as Ambassador Extraordinary to Peking, the first British Envoy sent to China. In 1794 he was made Earl Macartney in the Irish peerage, and returned from China. In 1796 he was made a British peer with the title of Baron Ma- cartney, and at the end of that year was ap- pointed Governor of the newly cajitured territory at the Cape of Good Hope. In 1798 he resigned on accoimt of declining health, and for the same cau.se declined the olTer of a seat in the Cabinet of the Addington .Ministry in 1801. He died at Chiswick. Consult: Staunton, .Macartney's Em-