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jaacGBEGOB. 616 McHENRY. Handbook on Galaiians (1875; since reprinted) ; Uandhook on Exodus (1889; since reprinted); Apology of the Christian Religion (18"J2) ; The Revelation and the Record (1893) ; The History of Christian Apologetics (1894). McGBEGOB, John (1797-1857). A Scotch author, born at Drynie, Rcss-shire. After spend- ing some time in Canada, lie returned to Enghmd and was sent by the Government on a commer- cial mis.sion to several Continental States. In 1840 he was made joint secretary to the Board of Trade, which office he gave up in 1847, to accejit a seat in Parliament as a member for Glasgow. In Parliament, as previously, he was a sujiporter of free trade. He was the author of a number of statistical compilations such as Commercial and Financial Legislation of Europe and America (1841); and A Digest of the Productive Re- sources, etc., of All Nations (1844-48) ; also of a Hislori/ of the British Empire from the Accession of Jumrs I. (1852). MACGREGOB, Jonx (1825-92). An English traveler, born at Gravesend. gi-aduated at Trin- ity College. Cambridge, and entered at the JMiddIo Temple in 1847. In 1849-50 he made a tour of Europe, Eg;ipt. and Palestine, and on bis return was called to the bar. He afterwards visited every European country, as well as Algeria, Tunis, the United States, and Canada, and was a writer for Punch and other periodicals. In 1805, in a canoe of his own design and make, he accomplished through European rivers and lakes a voyage of which he afterwards gave an account in a book entitled .1 Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe (ISUtJ). There followed other voyages of the same kind, of which we have record in The Rob Roy on the Baltic (^867), A Voyage Alone in the Yaul Rob Roy (1807), and The Rob Roy on the Jordan (1809) — books deserving the enthusiastic reception which they encountered. McGTJF'FEY, William Holsies (1800-73). An American educator. He was born in Wash- ington County, Pa.; graduated at Washington College. Pa., in 1825; was a professor first of an- cient languages and later of moral philosophy in iliami I'niversity in 1830-39; was president of Ohio University in 1839-43; and professor of moral philosophy in the University of Virginia from 1S45 until his death. He compiled the so- called 'Eclectic Series.' a series of readers and other school books, of which immense numbers were sold. MACH, mac, Ernst (1838—). An Austrian physicist, born at Turas, Moravia, and educated in Vienna. He was made professor of mathemat- ics at Gratz in 1804, and of physics at Prague in 1807. After spending six years in Vienna (1895- 1901) he retired from academic activities, and was appointed member of the Austrian House of Peers. After many years devoted to pure physics, especially to the study of light, sound, and elec- tricity, he began to write on the history and phi- losophy of physics, and. following out logically the new mechanical theories of time and space, to correlate modern physics to psychology'; this last especially in Anali/se der Empfindungen (1880; 2d cd. 1900; English version by Williams. 1897), a work widely discussed in Germany, as is his Principien der TVarmclehre (2d ed. 1900), which is equally suggestive by reason of its treatment of the general method of natural sciencfe. Men- tion should be made also of his Compendium der J'hysik fur Medicincr (1803); Lehre von den Bewegungsempfindungen (1875); and Die Uc- chanik in ihrcr Enluickclung (4th ed. 1901). MACHJERODUS, nia-ke'r6-dus (Neo-Lat., from Gk. ^axaupa, machaira, sword, sabre -)- 6Sois, odous, tooth). A fossil ancestor of the cat family, having enormous upper canine teeth, found in deposits of late Tertiary age in North 1, America, South America, Asia, and Europe. See ll Saure-toothed Tigeb. MACH.a;BUS, ma-ke'rvis (Lat., from Gk. MaxaipoDs, Machairous) . A strong fortress of I'ciea. .Josephus ( IVdrs, vii., 0, 2) says it was originally a tower built by Alexander Jannams . as a check to the Arab marauders, it was on a lofty point, surrounded by deep valleys, and of immense strength. Gabinius cajjtured it from the grandson of Alexander Janna'us and destroyed it (Ant. xiv., 5, 4), but it was again fortified by Herod (liars, vii., 6, 2), who used it as one of his principal residences. On the death of Herod it passed to Antipas, by whose order John the Baptist was imprisoned here and finally put to death {Ant. xviii., 5. 2). After the fall of .leru- salem it was occupied by the Jewish banditti, but it was finally captured (a.d. 72) by the Romans and razed (llVirs, vii., 0, 1-4). Pliny calls MachsE- rus the second citadel of Juda'a (Hist or. Nat. v., 16. 72). Its site was identified by Seetzen with the extensive ruins now called Mkaiir on a rocky spur jetting out from Jebel Attarus toward the north, and overhanging the valley of Zerka Main. Consult G. A. Smith, Historical tlcography of the Holy Land (London, 1897). MACHATTLT, ma'sh6', or MACHAUT, GuiLLAiME DE. A Frcncli poet and musician. See GiiLLAUME DE Machault. McHENBY, mak-hen'ri. James (1753-1816). An American military surgeon and politician, born at Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland. He studied for a time at Dublin, but about 1771 re- moved to America and soon afterwards began the study of medicine under Dr. Rush (q.v. ) in Philadelphia. He joined the Continental forces at the outbreak of the Revolution and was ap- pointed surgeon of the Fifth Pennsylvania Bat- talion in 1776 ; was taken prisoner at Fort Washington in November of the same year, but was released on parole in January, 1777, and was exchanged in jiarch. 1778. He became assist- ant secretary to Washington the following May and in October, 1780, was transferred to the statf of General Lafayette with the rank of major. In 1781 he was elected to the jMaryland Senate, of which he continued a member until 1780, al- though he was, during the last three years, also a delegate to the Confederation Congress. In 1787 he was elected to the Constitutional Con- vention, in 1789 to the General Assembly, and from 1701 till 1790 was in the Maryland Senate. In the latter year he accepted the appointment of Secretary of War in Washington's Cabinet, a position which he continued to liobl in Adams's Cabinet until 1800. He was a strong Federalist and favored a vigorous policy in strengthening the army and na^-y. He notified Washington of his appointment as commander-in-chief in 1793 at the time of the trouble with France, and was one of the most active members of the Cabinet in advocating Hamilton's appointment to the place of .second in command. His partisanship in favor of Hamilton finally led President Adams