LEATHES. 58 LEBANON. Christ (ISU'J) ; and Tin- Wiliiess of fiaint John to Chrint (1870), lieiiig Uoyle Lectures; the Hulsean LceiurcA.' The (Jok/kI Its Oan Wilticsn (1874) ; and in the same .year the Bampton Lec- tures, The Udiyion of the'christ. He also wrote The Law in the Prophets (1891) and Testimony of the Earlier Prophetic Writers to the Primal It'cliijioii o/ Isnirl (ISMS). LEAVE AND LICENSE. A phrase in Kng- lish law to denote that leave or permission was given to do some act com])lained of. It is a eoni- mon defense in actions of trespass. See Lue.n.se. LEAVEN, lev'cn (OF., Fr. levain, from Lat. Irramcii. rais<'r, from Icvare, from levis, liptht; connected with Lith. lenftirun, (Jk. 4ax>Ji. rlachys, Skt. laijhii, rayhu, light). Sour dough, or dough in which putrefaction has begun, and which, owing to the presence and rapid growth or multi- plication of the j-east-planl. quickly communi- cates its character to fresh dough with which it is mingled, causing the process of fermentation to take place sooner than it otherwise would. The use of leaven in baking dates from a very re- mote antiquity; the employment of yeast is more recent. See S'i:..sT ; Hkkad. LEAVENWORTH, lev'cn-wflrth. A city and the county-seat (jf Leavenworth County, Kan., 2(5 miles northwest of Kansas City; on the Missouri Kiver, and on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Missouri Pacific, the Union Paeilic. the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacilie. the Burlington Route, the Chicago Great Western, and several other railroads (Map: Kansas, H 2). With these transportation facilities, it is an important commercial centre, its wliolesale trade being ])rominent. There are also coal-mining inter- ests and extensive manufactures, including vitri- fied and building bricks, stoves, furniture, ma- chinery, flour, wagons, etc. The city has a public library, and among noteworthy structures the Cathedral of the Immaculate Concepti<m, county court-house, and Federal building. In the sub- urbs are the United States and State peniten- tiaries, a home for disabled volunteers with a membership of 3700, and Fort Leavenworth (q.v,). The last, one of the most important mili- tary posts of the West, has a noted infantry and cavalry school, and a national cemetery in which are 3221 graves, 'l44.5 of unknown dead. There are also in the city several hospitals and asylums. and two fine railroad and wagon bridges cross the river at this point. An object of particular in- terest is the immense bronze statue of Gen. U. S. Grant. The government is administered. under a charter of ISSl, since frequently amended, by a mayor, elected biennially, a uni- •eameral council, and subordinate officials — all, excepting the city clerk, attorney, and treasurer, who are chosen by popular election, being ap- pointed by the executive subject to the consent of the council. The schools are governed by a board elected at large. Leavenworth was founded in 1854 by a party of so-called 'Sons of the South.' and tlirougliout the struggle between the anti- and pro-slavery parties for the control of Kansas it was a centre of pro-slavery influence. In 1S,').5 it was chartered as a city of the first class. Pop- ulation, in 1800. in,7fiS'; in 1000. 20,7.35. Con- sult Burke and Rock, nistory of Leavenworth (Leavcinvnrlli. ISSO). • LEAVENWORTH, Ei,iA.s Wabner (1803- 87), An American lawyer. He was born in Canaan, N. Y., and graduated at Yale in 1824. lie then studied law in the ollice of William Cullen Bryant at (Jreal Barrington. Conn., and in the law school at Litchfield, Conn.; was ad- mitted to the bar in 1827; removed to Syracuse,
V . in the same year, and there practiced his
profession. He was twice Mayor of Syracuse ( 184!) and 1859) ; was Secretary of State of Xew York in 1854-55; was president of the Board of (^larantine Commissioners in 1800, and of the commissi(m appointed to choose a location for the State asylum for the blind in 18(i5; and was a member "of the State Constitutional Commission of 1872, in 1801 he was appointed by President Lincoln commissioner under the convention with Xew (iranada. and from 187.') to 1877 he was a member of Congress. He pulilished a Genealogy of the Leavenworth Family in the United fitates (1873). LEAVENWORTH, Fort. See Fort Leaven- worth. LEAVES OF GRASS. A collection of poems by Walt Whilman (1855). LEAVITT, lev'It. .JosnUA (1794-1873). An American religious journalist. He was born in Heath, Mass., September 8, 1794; graduated at Yale College in 1814; was admitted to the liar in 1819. and [iracticed for a time in Heath, Mass., and Putney, Vt, He graduated at the Yale Di- vinity School in 1825. About 1830. for the pro- motion of revivals of religion, many pastors adopted what were then called 'new measures,' such as the employment of 'eyangelists.' the hold- ing of 'protracted meetings,' 'inquiry meetings,' etc. The New York EvanyeUst wna establislied to promote revivals and defend the 'new meas- ures,' and from 1831 to 1837 Dr. Leavitt was its editor. During this period the anti-slavery agita- tion had its beginnings, and from the first it enlisted the warm support of Dr. Leavitt. who made the Evanc/elist a powerful agent for its promotion. Wlien the American Anti-Slavery Society was organized in 1833 he became one of its most active and inlluential members. From 1837 to 1840 he was the editor of the society's weekly organ, the Emancipator, and a member of the executive committee. When the abolitionists divided in 1840, he went with the new organiza- tion, and thenceforth his anti-slavery elTorts were mainly confined to the political arena. He was an active promoter of the 'Liberty' and the 'Free- Soil' ]iarties. In 1848 he liecame ollice editor of the Inilciiendciit. retaining a connection therewith to the day of his death. About 1834 he compiled and ])ul)l'ished The Christian Lyre, a work con- taining the great body of the h.^nnns and tunes used in the revivals of that day. He died in Brooklyn. .January 10, 1873, LEB'ANON. A city in Saint Clair County, 111,, 24 miles east of Saint Louis, Mo., on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad (Map: Illinois, C 5). It has a large flouring- niill with elevators, a coal-mine, creamery, soda- water factory, brewery, and cigar-factories. Mc- Kendree College (Mctlindist Episcopal) was founded here in 1828. With its elevated situa- tion, healthful climate, natural beauty, and the possession of fine mineral springs, the city is one of the popular summer resorts near Saint Louis. Lebanon was laid out in 1825, incorporated as a village in 1857, and chartered as a city in 1874.
