Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/728

MACBOZAMIA. 646 MADAGASCAR. ible, but arc used only in times of scarcity. Some ol' the spieies are often seen in greenhouses. MACBTJ'KA. See Crustacea. MACEU'RUS (Neo-Lat., from Gk. naxpd!, makros, lunj,' + oi/pd, oina, tail). The type ge- nus of a family of fishes (Macruridse) , which are closely allied to the cods, seeming degenerate rep- resentatives of the slock, and ditl'eriiig chielly in the elongate and degenerate condition of the pos- terior part of the body, which tapers to the thin, much compressed tail. ( See Plate of Codfish AND Allies.) All are pelagic and most of them inhabit the deeps, and have the characteristics of deep-sea fishes. Bathygadus is another prominent genus. Consult Cloode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthy- ology (Washington, 18%). See Deei'-Se. Ex- ploration. MAClf, ma'kun'. t»ne of the lowest tribes of the Amazon region, with no fixed residence, but wandering nearly the whole length of the l!io Negro, iiriiicipally to the west of it, in North- western Brazil. They are naked and without houses, but stitch a few palm leaves togetlicr to serve as a shelter at night in case of rain. They live entirely by hunting and fishing, using poisoned arrows, and are liostile to other tribes. Their hair is wavy and almost curly. They must not be confounded with tlic Maca (q.v.), or with the JIaco of the Upper Orinoco. MACULA (Lat., spot). A macule, spot, or stain, of limited area and circumscribed, without elevation or depression of surface. ilACUL.E is a term used in dermatology of not only macular diseases, but also some vesicular and i)apular affections, including Uievus, ephelis, spilus, moles, etc. MACTJL'LA. A town of Arabia. See JIa- KALLAU. Mac VEAGH, mak-va'. Wayne (18.33—). An American lawyer and Cabinet ofiicer. He was born at Phceni.wille, Chester County. Pa., gradu- ated at Yale in 1853, and was admitted to the bar in Westchester, Pa., in 1850. From 1850 to 1884 he was district attorney of Chester County. He became one of the Kepublican leaders in Pennsylvania, and was elected chairman of the State Central Committee of that partv in 18t;3. He also attained great distinction at the bar. In 1870-71 he was Cnited States Minister to Turkey, and in 1871 led the fight in Republican State politics against Simon Cameron, his father-in- law. In 1872-73 he was a [irominent member of the J'ennsylvania Constitutional Convention. In 1877 he was chairman of the 'MacVeagli Coin- mission,' sent by President Hayes to represent him unofiicially in Louisiana, and secure an amicable adjustment of the political ditrcrenecs in that State. In March. 1881, he entered the Cabinet of President Garfield as Attornev-Gen- eral, hut resigned on the accession of President Arthur, and resumed his law practice. He sup- ported Cleveland for the Presidenev in 1802. and from 1893 to 180" was Ambassador to Italy. In 1806 and 1000, however, he again supported Re- publican candidates. MacWHIRTER, mak-wher'tfr, .Toiix (1839 — ) . A Scotch painter, born at Inglis Green, near Edinburgh. He ran away from home and became a pupil of the art school of the Board of Manufacturers, Edinburgh. Ruskin praised his sketches of llowers, and used them in his O.xford class. The most characteristic of his works are his noble Highland landscapes. In IStJO he took up his residence in London, and in 1877 made a visit to the United States, where he executed .some notable studies of Californian scenery. MACY, ma'sl, Jesse ( 1842— ) . An American historian, born in Henry County, Ind. He gradu- ated at Iowa College in 1870; was immediately appointed to the faculty, and became jirofessor of constitutional history and political science in 1885. Alacy published: Civil aooernment in Iowa (1881); Institutional Beginnings in ii ^'estern State (1883) ; Our Goventmcnt (1886) ; The English Constitution (1807); and I'olilicul Parties in the United States, IS.'id-Ol (1900). MADACH, mo'diich, Imbe (1823-64). An Hungarian poet, born in the county of Nograd. He studied law and became notary for his dis- trict. In 1861 he jnililished a dramatic poein called Az ember tragediuja .("The Tragedy of ilan"), which was considered tlu; best of its kind that had appeared in Hungary. There are several German translations (1865-90). His col- lected works were published by Paul Gyulai in 1880. MAD'AGAS'CAR (corrupted from Maga- dd.io : formerly called by the natives Izao rehetra Izao, this whole, i.e. world, and Ny anivon ny riaku, [land] in the midst of the flood). The fourth largest island in the world, being sur- jiassed in area only by (ireenland, Kew Guinea, I and Borneo. It is situated in the Indian Ocean oft' the southeast coa.st of Africa, from which it is sejiarated by Mozambi(|ue Channel. It lies between latitudes 11° 58' and 25° 35' S., and longitudes 43° 19' and 50° 27' E. It is 980 miles long and 358 miles in its greatest width, with an area (including the few adjacent islets) of 228,- 500 square miles (estimated), or about two and J one-half times that of Great Britain (Map: I Africa. .J 6). ' Topography and Geology. Madagascar may be divided into two distinct regions. Tlic central and the eastern parts of the island, or more than half of it, are very mountainous and arc formeil of primitive rocks of igneous origin, except for a narrow fringe of sedimentary rocks along the coast. Gneiss, and particularly granitoid gneiss, predominates; there are also many granite dykes, and, here and there, basalts, the cones of ancient volcanoes, magnetite, and other iron ores, and numerous hot springs. The gneiss, decomposed to great depths, forms the reddish, clayey soil that covers most of these highlands. "The vol- canic centres (now extinct) of this region are Mount Ankaratra in the central region, the cul- minating summit of the island (nearly 9000 feet high ) , Mount Amber near the north end of the island, and Ivohitsomhe near the southeast coast, north of Fort Dauphin. These highlands, the primitive land mass, rise from 3000 to 6000 feet above the sea. The western and southern regions and a con- siderable district in the north are comparatively low, not much over 600 feet above sea-level, and are built up of sedimentary rocks, of Permo- carboniferous. Secondary and Eocene strata. Here also are many volcanic cones, that have pierced through the sedimentary fossiliferous beds. The lowlands, broken by some ranges of hills extend- ing north and south, rise gently to the central