Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/74

LECHFORD. 64 yeir England (1G42), which contains much Viiluablo information relating to colonial life in early Massachusetts. It was reissued in 1G44 under the title -Vtic Enijland's Adrivc to Old England, and again in ISCu with notes anil an introduction by .1. Hammond Trumbull. lie also wrote a journal of his life in Boston. Of his adventures after his return nothing is known except what is cont.ained in the single phrase of John t'otton's that he "put out his liook (such as it is I and Soon after dyed." liECHLEB, IcK'ler. Gottiiabd Victor (1811- 88 1. A (iennan Protestant theidogian, born at Kloster Keichenbach. He studied at Tubingen (182<j;i4); in 185:5 was made dean of the Diocese of Knittlingen; and in IS.'jS became pastor at Saint Thomas and professor at Leipzig. Ue took some part in politics as a member of the First Chamber of the Sa.on Parliament. In 1880 he became ecclesiastic prixy councilor, and three years afterwards retired from his duties as pastor. His works include: flcschichte des englischen Ocismiis ( 1841 ); Dux apostolisrhe vnd das nachapntHolisrhe Zcitaltrr (1851; translated into Knglish from the third German edition by Lorimer. 1880); Geschichtc der I'lvs- hyterial- und Synodalrcrfassung scit der Jicfor- ■KKilion (1854) : Ucr Kirchcnxtaat itnd die Oppo- sition gcgen den pSpstliehen Ahsolutismus im Anfange des t'ierzehnten ./ahihundcrts (1870i: Johann von Wiclif und die Vorgeschichte der Ue- formation (1873; translated by Lorimer. 3d ed. 1SS4I : and Johannes JJuss (1890). LECKTr, William f;i)WABD Hartpole (1838- I'.tOS). An English historian and publicist. A native of Ireland, Lecky was educated at Trinity College. Dublin, and published his first work, The Leaders of I'ublic Opinion in Ireland. anonymously, in 1801. In 1S05 the issue of his Hislorif of the J'ise and In/lucncc of the Spirit of llutionalistn in Europe made a marked im- pression on the literary world, mainly on account of the evidence which it afforded of extraordinary erudition and profound contemplation. This im- pression was sustained by his subsequent work, Histonj of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne ( IHOOI. though in a less degree, on account of the nature and scope of its subject. Nearly ten years were employed by Lecky in studies and investigations preparatory to the publication of his Bistort/ of England in the Eighteenth Century (1878'-90). TJie first three of these books were translated into German by Dr. II. Jolowicz, and the History of Morals is used as a text-book in (ierman universities. He was elected to Parliament for Dublin University in 1S95. Xew editions of his histories of Kng- land (7 vols.) and Ireland (5 vols.) were pub- lished in Xew York in 1893: and bis later works include Poems (18911; The J'oliliral alue of History (1893); Democracy and Liberty (1896). After 1886 he spoke and worked for the Liberal Unionists. LECLAIRE. k-klar', Eoxfi .Teax (1801-72). The founder of profit-sharing, horn in France. He started in business as a painter in Paris in 1827 and was very successful. The idea of profit- sharing was first suggested to him in 1835. and in 1842 he announced his purpose to share the profits of his establishment with his employees, and soon divided 11,866 francs among them LE CLERe. (about $50 each), the sums varying according to the yearly wage. In 1838 he had established a nuitual aid society, which was reorganized in 1853, from which date it was maintained out of the profits of the establishment instead of fmin contributions of members. In 1804 retiring pin sions were substituted for the right to a divisinri of the funds of the mutual aid association. Hi- became the .laire of llcrblay in 1805, and dir.l there August 10,, 1872, The month b.'fore In-, death the Maison LeClaire divided .$10,000 ammiL.' 600 workmen. The company which he foundc'l is still prosperous, and continues to follow tin- plan of distribution instituted by LeClaire. See PuoKn -Sharing. LE CLEAR, If kler, TiioMA.s (1818-82). An Aniirican juirtrait jiainter, born in Owego. X. V. He was self-taught, and first painted por- traits, while living in London, Can., about 1832. Afterwards lie lived principally in Xew York City, and was made an X.A. in 18(i:i. Among his genre pictures are "Marble Pla ers." "The Itinerant" (1802), and "Youn^ America." His portraits, which are faithful. aiul expressive likenesses, include those of "Millard Fillmore," "Bayard Taylor," "Daniel Dickinson" (1870), '-Parke Godwin" (1877), '•William Page," in the Corcoran (Jallcry at Washington : "William Cullen Bryant" (1880), "S, R. (iii ford" (ISSI). and "George Bancroft," in tlw Century Club, Xew York City. LECLERC, If-klar'. Charles Victor Emmax VEi. (1772-1802). A French general, born;it Pontoise, in the Departiiient of Seine-et-Oi-i He joined the cavalry service in 1792, and at (I siege of Toulon attracted the attention of Boi parte, who took him to Italy as his adjutant i' 1790 and made him brigadier-general. Soon afterwards he married Pauline Bonaparte. I If accompanied Xapoleon to Egypt, returned wit him, and helped him on the 18th Brumaire. In ISOO he fcjimlit at Fleurus and Hohenlinden. In I SOI he was dispatched with an army of 20.()()0 men against Toussaint rouverture. the negro (lovernor of Haiti. After losing half his army he forced Toussaint to capitulate. The great negro leader was subsequently seized and sent to I'rance. Leclerc was jiresently stricken down with yellow fever, and died in December. 1802. LE CLERC, If klerk, Jea.x, or .Johannes Ci.ERicis (1057-17.36). A Swiss Protestant scholar. He was born at Geneva, where his father was professor of Greek. From an early period he showed a particular aptitude for the study of ancient languages. He also paid great attention to theologii'. Before he was twenty. Le Clerc had imbibed Socinian opinions in religion. He also denied the special inspiration of the Bible. In 1078 he went as tutor to Grenoble: in 1080 he returned to Geneva, and was ordained a minister. All the while his objections to the accepted theology of his associates had been growing; and under the name of Liberius de Sancto Amore he wrote eleven letters against the errors of the scholastic theologians as the par- tisan of the Dutch Remonstrants. In the latter part of 1081 Le Clerc returned to Grenoble, and thence went to London, where he preached six months to the Savoy Congregation. He was ap- pointed professor of philosophy, classical litera- ture, and Hebrew at the Remonstrant Seminary of Amsterdam in 1684; later (1712) of Church