Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/806

MAINZ. 716 MAIRET. Kastel on the opposite side, and a iine esplanade extenda along the river. In the centre of the old town stands the cathe- dral, imposing in appearance and showing in its nunierouB additions and alterations traces of an eventful existence. It was constructed in 078- 1008, but the present building dates principally from the thirteenth century, the original struc- ture having been destroyed by several conilagra- tions. It is Gothic and is surmounted by six towers, of which the highest rises to 270 feet. Noteworthy features are the tenth-century brazen doors of the main entrance and the numerous tombs of the arehiepiscopal electors. The cathe- dral was restored in IS.'jG-'O. The Church of Saint Stephen (1257-1328) merits mention, with its sightly situation above the Rhine and inter- esting cloisters. On the Gutcnberg-Plntz, near the cathedral, stands a Thorwaldsen monument to Gutenberg, a native of Jlainz. Facing the Schloss-Platz is the former elec- toral palace, now used as a museum. It is a red sandstone building of large proportions, be- gun in the seventeenth century. It contains one of the most extensive collections of Roman and Germanic antiquities in Germany, the municipal library of about 180,000 volumes, and nvimerous manuscripts, a rather unimportant pi<ture gal- lery, ami the Gutenberg JIuseum. founded in 1001. The former lodge of the Teutonic Order ( 1731-39) is now used as a grand-ducal residence, Mainz has also a number of fine modern build- ings, notably the city hall, the theatre, and the central railway station. The fortifications, enlarged since 1871. con- sist of several lines of bastioned forts, the cita- del in the southeastern ])art of the town, and a number of detached forts. Kastel, on the oppo- site side of the Rhine, forms the ti'lr dr /loiil. There are numerous Roman remains in the town and the vicinity, including parts of an acpieduct and what is supposed to be a monument to Dru- sns. The chief educational institutions comprise two gymnasia, a seminary for priests, a school of commerce, and a number of other special schools. The university founded in 1477 was abolished in 1708. Mainz is well known for its leather goods and furniture, and it manufactures also musical instruments, carriages, carpets, and chemicals. Book and art publishing is also carried on ex- tensively. Mainz is well adapted for commerce by its position at the confluence of two impor- tant waterways; but the competition of other Rhine ports has detracted somewhat from its prominence in trade. The city is still, however, an important factor in the Rhine (ralTic with the Netherlands and Belgium. Population, in 18110, 72.0;-.!); in 1000. 84.2.51, including about r,0,000 Catholics. 31.000 Protestants, and 3000 .Tews. The site of Mainz was occupied in ancient times by a Celtic settlement, which was later converted into a Roman camp. Drusus erected here in B.C. 13 a castle called Maguntiacum, and the settlement was connected by a bridge with the C'astellum Jlattiacot-um (modern Kastel) on the opposite shore. With the dis.solution of the Ro- man Empire ^Mainz was repeatedlv pillaged by the .MIemanni. the Vandals, and the Huns, but it gradually recovered, and by the tentiv century was regarded as an important city. It obtained privilegee from Charlemagne arifl headed the league of Rhenish towns in the thirteenth cen- tury. In the fifteenth century JIainz acquired great celebrity on account of Gutenberg, and be- came the centre of early book printing. The decline of the city began in the second half of the fifteenth century, when it was de- priAed of its Imperial privileges for its support of the Archbishop Diether von Isenburg and Ijc came an arehiepiscopal city. In 1797 the city, deserted by tlie Prince-Elector and the Court, capitulated to the French under General Custine, was retaken in the following year, and fiprmally ceded to France bj' the Peace of Eunevillc in 1801. It was returned to Geruuiny by the Peace of Paris in 1814, and was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1810, remaining, however. :i fortress' of the German Confederation. The archbishopric of Mainz was founded in 747 with Saint iSouiface as its first arcbbislii]|). The archbishops of Mainz were preeminent among the spiritual electors of the Empire. The arch- bishopric was degraded to a bishopric in 1801, and the see was secularized in 1803. MAIOIiICA, ma-yo'le-ka. See Majolica. MAIORESCTJ, mi'o-resh', Titus (1840—). A Rumanian statesman and writer, born at Kra- jova. He studied laT and philosophy at Vienna, Berlin, and Paris, and in 1802 took the chair of philosophy at .Jas.sy and afterwards the same position at Bucharest. He was diplomatic agent of Rumania in Berlin in 187G. Minister of Publii Instruction in 1874-76 and 1888-89. and Minist.-i of Justice in 1900-01. His works include: Einiges Philosophische in gemeiitfiif,-slichcr Form (Berlin, 1861); Poesia rumana (1867); Ohscr tari polemice (1869); Despre scrierca linibii romane (1874) ; and Lorjica (2d ed. 1886). MAIPO, mi'po, or MAIPTJ, mi'poo. A river of Chile, rising in the Andes and flowing west- ward 120 miles into the Pacific Ocean (Map: Chile, C 10). It passes a few miles south of the city of Santiago. On its banks was fought on April ."5. 1818, the decisive battle which secured the independence of Chile. MAIPUBE, mi-poT/ra. A prominent and poj)ulous group of tribes of Arawakan stock ( q.v. ) , formerly dwelling on the Ventuari River, an upper affluent of the Orinoco, in Southern Venezuela. Two centuries ago thej' were one of the leading mission tribes of the Orinoco region, but, like many others, gradually wasted away before the incessant inroads of the Caribs. wlio were accustomed to make periodical expeditions up the river in fleets sometimes of a hundred canoes, destroying every village along its banks. MAIR, mar, Charles (1840—). A Canadian poet and journalist of Scotch descent, born in Lanark, Ontario. He published a volume entitled Dreamland and Other Poems (1868), and Teciiin- seh, a Drama (1886). He lived in the North- west Territory during the first and second Riel rebellions, which he helped to suppress, and he was Fort Garry correspondent of the Montreal flazette. MAIRET, ma'ra', .Jean de (1604-86). A French dramatic poet, born at Besancon. His earlier dramas include: ^ilvanire (1625); Les gaJaiiteries du due d'Ossone (1627), a comedy modeled on the Italian order; and Soplionishe (1629). the first of French classical, tragedies to be given on the regular stage. His other works are of little importance. He became involved in