Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/106

MOVEMENT. 80 MOWBRAY. the speed is unitoiiii, il i* iin]K)ssil)lc Id perceive aiiv motion wliatscK'ver: iUicleiMlidn or iliminu- tio'n of tliis rale, however, .-^els up certain sensa- tions due to the inertia of the body, and j)erliaps, too, other sensations mediated by tlie semicir- cuhir canals. See Static Sk.nse. Bihliograpiiy. Delabarre, Ueber Beuegungs- eiiip/indungeit (Freiburg, 1891); Fullerton and (,'altel, Uii the I'criviition iif Xiiiall DilJcrences (Phihidelphia, ISOii) ; Goldseheider, Gesammelte Militi}i(llu)iyc». vol. ii. (Leipzig, 1808) ; Ktilpc, Uiilliiws of I'sychohxj!) (London. ISII.i) ; Titch- ener. An Outline of I'sycholoyy (New York, lS!)!t) : id.. Exiicriniciilal I'xyrlioloyy ( ib., 1801) ; W'undt, (Iruiiiiziiyc der physioloyinchcn Psycho- loyie I Leipzig. 189.'i): W. James, Principles of I'Kyi'huliiyy I New York. 1800). MOVEMENT CURE. A hygienic and thera- peutic .system for the preservation as well as the recovery of health, introduced by Pehr Henry Ling (born in ITliii). a native of Smaland. Swe- den. It is a moditied form of gymnastics, being .systematized and specially adapted to the treat- ment of invalids in a reduced condition, and possesses, in many respects, advantages over ordi- nary gAinnastics. The system consists essen- tially in carefully prescribed movements of the whole body or of individual groups of muscles, either with or without resistance. Ling's metliods obtained wide recognition both in Europe and America. In Sweden a Royal ordinance was • issued for the estal)Iishnu'nt of an institution de- voted to the method of exercise. See Lino, P. H. Various modifications of this system were made from time to time, and massage and Uiovcment were gradually eoml)ined in the more modern seheuies of mechanotherapy, which are designed merely to correct morbid conditions of the body by means of active or passive move- ments. "These movements are active when they are executed by the |>atient's own volition, and passive when performed upon liis Ixidy or with it or upon parts of it by the will of another." Mechano-therapy has ]iroliably reached its highest ilevclopment in the ingenious inventions of Dr. fiustaf Zander, of Stockholm. About the niid<l'e of the la~t century Zander introduced the first of these ingenious contrivances for ad- ministering the well known 'Swedisli movements.' From crude beginnings he developed his 'system' until he had perfected over seventy varieties of a|iparalus. some of them weighing nearly a ton, by whiih the most didicate child ami the most unwieldy adult can be treate<l with ei|ual ease and advantage. These machines range from a simple ajjparatus for moving a single joint or group of muscles to complicated mechanisms whieii closely imitate the motions of the body performed in horseback or even camel riding — the latter (echnically known as 'trunk circum- duction.' Zander institutes have been established in all the important cities and health resorts in Europe, and there is oni' in N'ew York City. Mechanotherapy is not disigncd. nor should it be resorted to. as a substitute for the natural, unconscious exercise in the ojjcn air. such as is obtained in the various oitdoor recreations, hut is applicable to those sulTering from general weakness, or from alTections of particular por- tions of the body, such as local paralysis or joint afTections. which would render general movement painful, harmful, or impossible. Another large class of persons who are likely to find benefit are those who are altlieted with deformities, due cither to lial)it or disea.se. In such cases tlie oi'thopedist often finds a valuable ally in the movement cure. The subject is intimately relat- ed to massage (q.v.). For fuller information, consult: Grafstrom, Mechnno-Tkcrupy (Philadel- phia, 1890), and Xissen, .1 B C of 'the .S'lccrf/.s/i Si/stem of Educdlionul ilymnaslics (Philadel- pliia and L(mdon, 1801). MOVERS, mo'vers, Franz Karl (1806-56). . (;cnii;iii Orientalist. He was born at Koes- feld. Prussia, and was educated at Miinster and Bonn. After being settled for six years over a church in Berkum. he was in 18.'?!) appointed professor of theology in the L'niversity of Bres- lau. where he remained until his death. His ex- haustive and scholarly treatise on the Phoenicians, Die Ph(ini:in- (vol. i!, 1841; vol. ii., 1840-5G), is his best-known work. He also wrote Kriti-ielie Untersiiehiouien iiber die hiblisehe Chronik (1834). MO'VILLE. A seaport, market-town, and summer bathing resort, in County Donegal, Ire- land, (m Lough Foyle, 17 miles north-northeast of Londonderry (Map: Ireland, D 1). It is noted as a cailing station of the transatlantic mail steamers from Xew York to Glasgow. Popu- lation. l.")00. MOVING PLANT {.nesmodiinn yyrans) . An East Indian plant of the natural order Legumi- nosic. remarkable, as are also some other species of the same genus, for the spontaneous motion of the li'aves, which are ternate. the lateral leaf- lets nuicli smaller than the terminal one. These lateral Icallcts are in c(mstant motion, being ele- vated by a succession of little jerks till they meet above the terminal leadet, and then moving downward by similar rapid jerks. The terminal leaflet docs not remain absolutely at rest, al- though its movements are not like those of the lateral ones. See Movemknt. MOWAT, mo'dt. Sir Oliver (18-20-1003). A ('aiiadian statesnuin. born in Kingston. Ontario, of Scottish parentage. In that city and in Toronto he was educated. He became a barrister (1841), practiced his profession in Toronto, was made (Jueen's Counsel in 1856. and the same year was a eonunissioner for consolidating the statutes of Canada, of I'pper Canada, and after- wards of Ontario. He was a Liberal member of Parliament for South Ontario in 1857-04, a Cab- inet minister in 1858. Postnuister-General in I8(i3-fi4. ;ind Viee-Cliancellor of (Ontario from 1864 until I87'2. when he l)ecame Prime .Minister of that province and its .ttorney Ceticral. as well as a member of Parliament for North Ox- ford. These positions he held until 1896. when he was made .Minister of .Justice in the Dominion Cabinet and leader of the Senate. In 1.807 he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. MOWBRAY, mr.'brA, IIexrv Sinnox.s (1S5S — I . An .merican figure jiaintcr. born of Eng- lish parentage in .Mexandria, Egypt. He came-, to the I'niled States at an early age. In 1878 he went to Paris, where he remained several years, and became a pupil of Bonnaf. He is well known as an illustrator. His technique is clever and his color well hanilled and brilliant. The most im- portant of his works are ".Maddin." "Rose Har- vest," ".readie," "Schclierezadc." and "Evening Breeze."